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The geometric endpoint permutation matches covering monodromy
Statement
Fix and the explicit geometric base tuple of Geometric braids in the disc with setwise endpoints. Use the same basepoint in and in the endpoint monodromy map . Let be the open-to-closed inclusion, and let be its induced map on fundamental groups at . For every geometric braid class , with slice loop and the inverse-loop isomorphism of Geometric braid classes and the unordered configuration fundamental group, we have Thus raw slicing has inverse endpoint monodromy after its class is carried to the closed-disc configuration group, and the inverse-loop map has exactly the geometric endpoint permutation. The formulas hold for every .
Facts & Assumptions
Given: , the explicit tuple , a geometric braid class based at , its point motions and endpoint permutation, the slice loop, and the fixed-basepoint isomorphism .
The geometric braid classes based at form , and the endpoint map is a well-defined homomorphism; on a braid representative, (The isotopy classes of geometric braids based at form a group, and the endpoint permutation is a homomorphism, Geometric braids in the disc with setwise endpoints).
The slice is a continuous based loop in at (A geometric braid slices to an interior configuration loop).
A based loop at has a unique lift to starting at (Endpoint monodromy of an unordered configuration loop as a permutation of the labels).
The open-to-closed inclusions induce maps and at the same basepoints, and the quotient square commutes: (The interior-disc and closed-disc configuration spaces are homotopy equivalent).
The induced map on fundamental groups satisfies (The homomorphism on fundamental groups induced by a pointed continuous map).
The fundamental group is a group under the first-loop-then-second product, with identity and two-sided inverses (Based loops and the fundamental group, Loop classes form the group under concatenation).
Each coordinate motion is continuous, remains in the open disc, and is pairwise distinct from the others. The coordinate tuple therefore defines a continuous path into ; continuity into the product follows because the product topology is generated by projection preimages, and distinctness puts the tuple in the ordered-configuration subspace (Geometric braids in the disc with setwise endpoints, Based motions of an unordered point configuration, The product set of functions choosing a point in each factor, the projections, the box topology, and the product topology as the initial topology of the projections; the empty product is a one-point space, Ordered configuration spaces ).
For there is one empty geometric braid and is trivial (Geometric braids in the disc with setwise endpoints, Endpoint monodromy of an unordered configuration loop as a permutation of the labels).
At the fixed basepoint , is the isomorphism from to (Geometric braid classes and the unordered configuration fundamental group).
The endpoint monodromy is a group homomorphism (Endpoint monodromy of an unordered configuration loop as a permutation of the labels).
If the terminal tuple of a lifted loop is recorded by , then its endpoint record satisfies (Endpoint monodromy of an unordered configuration loop as a permutation of the labels).
For every geometric braid has identity endpoint permutation, and is trivial (Geometric braids in the disc with setwise endpoints, Endpoint monodromy of an unordered configuration loop as a permutation of the labels).
If the unique lift of a based loop at from ends at , then its endpoint monodromy is (Endpoint monodromy of an unordered configuration loop as a permutation of the labels).
The tuple and every coordinate path are specified. The ordered lift used below is the unique lift from , so the Axiom of Choice is not used.
Proof
Lift the raw slice and read its endpoint labels. Use the fixed real-to-complex coordinate identification of [L7] and put ; [L7] proves this is a path. By [L2], . The quotient square [L4] gives Thus is the lift from of the closed-disc loop , and by [L3] it is the unique such lift. By [L13] its endpoint permutation is . Its terminal coordinate is by [L1], so its label record is . By [L11], . The induced-map formula [L5] therefore yields
Apply the inverse-loop isomorphism. Let . By [L9], . Since is a homomorphism by [L10], and is a group by [L6], so . Applying step 1.1 gives
Zero- and one-strand cases. When , [L8] gives the unique empty braid and the trivial permutation target; the isomorphism [L9] then makes the configuration braid group a singleton, so both equations hold. When , [L12] gives identity endpoint permutation and trivial , so both monodromy values are the identity.
Depends on
- Geometric braid classes and the unordered configuration fundamental group
- Endpoint monodromy of an unordered configuration loop as a permutation of the labels
- Geometric braids in the disc with setwise endpoints
- A geometric braid slices to an interior configuration loop
- The interior-disc and closed-disc configuration spaces are homotopy equivalent
- The homomorphism on fundamental groups induced by a pointed continuous map
- Ordered configuration spaces $F_n(X)$
- The product set $\prod_{i \in I} X_i$ of functions choosing a point in each factor, the projections, the box topology, and the product topology as the initial topology of the projections; the empty product is a one-point space
- The isotopy classes of geometric braids based at $Q$ form a group, and the endpoint permutation is a homomorphism
- Based loops and the fundamental group
- Loop classes form the group $\pi_1(X,x_0)$ under concatenation
- Based motions of an unordered point configuration
Used by
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Sources
- Juan Gonzalez-Meneses, Basic results on braid groups, §§1.1–1.3, printed pp. 3–6 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Joan S. Birman and Tara E. Brendle, Braids: A Survey, §1.1, author manuscript pp. 3–5 (standard reference, not scraped)