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Injectivity radius at each point is positive
Statement
Assume . Every point of a boundaryless Riemannian manifold has Nevertheless, the global infimum can equal zero.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A boundaryless Riemannian manifold and a point for the first assertion.
Under The Axiom of Countable Choice (), Existence of normal neighborhoods supplies a positive-radius tangent ball on which is a diffeomorphism, and Injectivity radius at a point and of a manifold defines as the supremum of all such radii.
Constant positive metric coefficient is Riemannian, its Levi--Civita symbol vanishes, and the coordinate geodesic equation then has affine solutions (Coordinate criterion for a riemannian metric, Christoffel formula for the levi civita connection, Coordinate geodesic equation, Existence uniqueness and smooth dependence of geodesics).
A countable disjoint union of fixed-dimensional smooth manifolds with specified countable bases and atlases is a smooth manifold (Countable disjoint unions of fixed-dimensional smooth manifolds are smooth manifolds).
Proof
By [F1], some belongs to the admissible-radius set . Therefore . This also covers .
To show that no uniform positive bound follows, for each integer let . Quotienting intervals of length less than gives an explicit smooth atlas: overlaps differ by translations by integer multiples of ; rational subintervals give a specified countable basis. Give every such chart the metric . By the transformation rule for translations this is a well-defined Riemannian metric, and [F3] makes a boundaryless Riemannian one-manifold componentwise.
Fix and identify with by . The metric coefficient is the constant , so [F2] makes the Christoffel symbol zero. Thus the unique maximal geodesic with initial scalar is , and . If and have the same exponential image, then for an integer , but , forcing . The quotient map is a local translation, so this injective restriction is a diffeomorphism onto its open image. If , the two distinct interior vectors and have the same image. Hence exactly the radii are admissible and .
It follows that : zero is a lower bound, and any is exceeded downward by for an integer . Thus the second assertion has an explicit witness. The witness is nonempty and one-dimensional; at dimension zero step 1.1 gives pointwise, and for an empty manifold the pointwise assertion is vacuous. Zero tangent vectors lie in every test ball. At the critical radius the colliding vectors are endpoints and therefore excluded, whereas for every larger radius they are included. is propagated through [F1]--[F2]; the witness uses fixed quotient atlases, bases, metrics, and an enumerated disjoint union, so it makes no additional family choice.
Depends on
- Injectivity radius at a point and of a manifold
- Existence of normal neighborhoods
- Coordinate geodesic equation
- Christoffel formula for the levi civita connection
- Coordinate criterion for a riemannian metric
- Countable disjoint unions of fixed-dimensional smooth manifolds are smooth manifolds
- Existence uniqueness and smooth dependence of geodesics
- The Axiom of Countable Choice ($\mathrm{AC}_\omega$)
Used by
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Dependency tree · two levels
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Sources
- Ved Datar, Lectures on Riemannian Geometry, Corollary 17.1.7 and Definition 23.3.3, pp.130 and 171--172 (standard reference, not scraped)