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PropositionStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedprecheck passaudited 2026-08-31
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The graph of a smooth map is an embedded submanifold

Statement

Let F:MN be smooth. Its graph

ΓF:={(p,F(p)):pM}M×N

is an embedded submanifold of M×N of dimension dimM.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A smooth map F:MN.

[L1]

The diagonal ΔNN×N is an embedded submanifold (The diagonal is an embedded submanifold).

[L2]

A regular level set is an embedded submanifold (A regular level set is an embedded submanifold).

[L3]

Products of smooth manifolds carry canonical product structures (Products of smooth manifolds have a canonical product smooth structure).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1

Consider the map G:M×NN×N defined by G(p,q)=(F(p),q). In product charts on M×N and N×N, its representative has the form (u,v)(F^(u),v), so G is smooth. The graph satisfies ΓF=G1(ΔN).

L1L3given
1.2

Fix (p,F(p))ΓF. Choose a chart ψ:VΩRn on N at F(p). By [L3], the product chart ψ×ψ identifies a neighbourhood of (F(p),F(p)) in N×N with Ω×Ω, and in these coordinates the diagonal from [L1] is the set {(a,b):a=b}. The difference map D:Ω×ΩRn, D(a,b)=ba, is a smooth submersion with zero fibre exactly that diagonal slice.

L1L3givenconstruct
2.1

Choose a chart φ:UΛ on M at p with F(U)V, and define H:=D(ψ×ψ)G(φ×ψ)1:Λ×ΩRn. Then H(u,v)=vF^(u), so the Jacobian of H has block form [DF^(u)In] and is surjective at every point. Its zero fibre is exactly the graph in these coordinates. Thus 0 is a regular value of H.

step 1.1step 1.2construct
3.1

By [L2], the zero fibre of H is an embedded codimension-n submanifold of M×N near (p,F(p)). Since (p,F(p)) was arbitrary, ΓF is an embedded submanifold. Its ambient dimension is dimM+n, so its dimension is dimM.

L2step 2.1

Depends on

Used by

Dependency tree · two levels

19 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.

Sources