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TheoremStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedprecheck passjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-09-14
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A free proper action makes M to M/G a principal bundle

Statement

Let G act smoothly, freely, and properly on the left of M. With the equivalent right action

xg:=g1x,

the orbit projection q:MM/G is a smooth right principal G-bundle.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A smooth free proper left action of G on M.

[F1]

The quotient is a smooth manifold and q is a smooth surjective submersion. Free proper action quotient manifold.

[F2]

Every point has a slice S such that A:G×SGS, (g,s)gs, is a diffeomorphism. Local slice for a free proper action.

[F3]

A principal bundle has equivariant local product charts, with ordinary right multiplication on the group coordinate. Principal g bundle and associated fiber bundle, Smooth fibre bundles and local trivializations.

Proof

technique · turn the slice products into equivariant bundle charts
1.1

The formula xg=g1x is a right action because (xg)h=h1g1x=(gh)1x=x(gh). It is smooth, has the same orbits as the original action, and is free.

givenalgebra
2.1

Let S be a slice from [F2], put U=q(S), and let s:US be the smooth inverse of qS. Define Ψ:U×Gq1(U),Ψ(u,g)=s(u)g=g1s(u). Under the diffeomorphism A:G×SGS=q1(U), this is the composite of factor swap with inversion on G, so it is a diffeomorphism. It lies over U because q(Ψ(u,g))=u.

F1F2step 1.1
3.1

The map is right equivariant: Ψ(u,gk)=s(u)(gk)=(s(u)g)k=Ψ(u,g)k. The slice neighborhoods cover M/G, so the maps Ψ1 are smooth equivariant local trivializations with fibre G. By [F3], q is a right principal G-bundle. No choice principle is used.

F3step 1.1step 2.1

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Sources