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Positive smooth densities give Radon volume
Statement
If is a finite-valued positive smooth density, is finite on compact sets, locally finite, sigma-finite, and a regular Borel measure, hence Radon. Its completion is denoted and is not identified with its Borel domain.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: Assume . Manifolds are Hausdorff, second countable and smooth, with boundary allowed; is allowed unless excluded. Densities are pointwise Borel, , and . Positive finite smooth coefficients; local boundedness before regularity.
Intrinsic density measure and its chart restriction: Every Borel subset of a chart has measure equal to the integral of its coefficient.
Lebesgue measure is sigma-finite, and every metrically bounded subset of has finite outer measure: Bounded measurable Euclidean sets have finite Lebesgue measure.
Locally finite Borel measures on second-countable LCH spaces are regular: A compact-finite Borel measure on a second-countable LCH space is regular.
Radon measure on an LCH space: Radon means compact-finite, outer regular on Borel sets and compact-inner-regular on open sets.
Assuming countable choice, every measure space has a unique complete extension to its completion: Under countable choice the completion is a complete measure extending the original measure.
The completion domain and proposed completed set function of a measure space: A completed set differs from a Borel set only inside a Borel null set.
Proof
For each point in positive dimension, a chart contains a relative closed ball or half-ball around its coordinate image. Choose it bounded with closure inside the chart image. Its inverse image is compact and contains a neighborhood of . The continuous coefficient on is bounded by a finite , so . For take , whose measure is the finite coefficient .
The neighborhoods cover any compact finitely, giving . They also show local finiteness. To get a countable cover, take the members of a countable base that are contained in some such ; these cover and individually have finite measure. Enumerating these basis members proves sigma-finiteness without selecting neighborhoods at every point.
The same compact chart neighborhoods show local compactness also at the boundary; Hausdorffness and second countability are standing assumptions. The compact-finite Borel measure therefore satisfies the regularity theorem. Its conclusion includes the outer and open-set inner regularity required by the stated Radon convention.
Apply the completion theorem to under the standing countable choice. Explicitly, with Borel, and has . Empty and empty compact sets have mass zero; a singleton in dimension zero has its finite positive weight. No total-mass bound is asserted.
Depends on
- Intrinsic density measure and its chart restriction
- Locally finite Borel measures on second-countable LCH spaces are regular
- Lebesgue measure is sigma-finite, and every metrically bounded subset of $\mathbb{R}^n$ has finite outer measure
- Radon measure on an LCH space
- Assuming countable choice, every measure space has a unique complete extension to its completion
- Topological manifolds are locally compact and locally path connected
- The completion domain and proposed completed set function of a measure space
Used by
- Positive open-set and metric-ball volume Corollary
- A smooth positive density with infinite mass Counterexample
- Flat Mobius strip density measure Example
- Weighted counting in dimension zero Example
- Weighted interval volume Example
- False: density measures require an orientation False statement
- False: locally finite volume has finite total mass False statement
- Measurable integration extends smooth density integration Theorem
Dependency tree · two levels
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Sources
- Folland Theorem 7.8 and complete proof p.217; §11.4 pp.361–363 (standard reference, not scraped)