Alphabeta Math
TheoremStatement: AI-adaptedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedprecheck passjudge pass (gpt-6-sol)audited 2026-09-30
How statement and proof provenance work

The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.

  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
  • AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.

These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.

Bounded bimodule tensor is associative, unital, and compatible with cones

Statement

Let k be a commutative ring and let B,A,C,E be unital graded k-algebras. Let F,G,H be bounded cochain complexes of graded bimodules of types (B,A), (A,C), and (C,E), respectively. The degreewise balanced associator is a natural chain isomorphism

αF,G,H:(F⊗AG)⊗CH⟶F⊗A(G⊗CH),((f⊗g)⊗h)⟼f⊗(g⊗h).

The regular bimodule complexes B and A, concentrated in cochain degree zero, give natural chain isomorphisms

B⊗BF⟶F,b⊗f⟼bf,F⊗AA⟶F,f⊗a⟼fa.

These associator and unit isomorphisms satisfy the pentagon and unit triangle coherence identities on elementary tensors.

Let u:X→Y be a degree-zero chain map of bounded graded (A,C)-bimodule complexes, and let v:F→F′ be a degree-zero chain map of bounded graded (B,A)-bimodule complexes. Use the cochain cone convention obtained by reindexing the mapping cone in The mapping cone of a chain map:

Cone⁡(u)q=Yq⊕Xq+1,d(y,x)=(dYy+uq+1(x),−dXq+1(x)).

Here X[1]q:=Xq+1 with differential −dXq+1. Then there are natural chain isomorphisms

F⊗ACone⁡(u)⟶Cone⁡(1F⊗Au),fp⊗yq⟼(f⊗y,0),fp⊗xq+1⟼(0,(−1)pf⊗x),

and

Cone⁡(v)⊗AX⟶Cone⁡(v⊗A1X),

which is the identity on the target and shifted-source parts under the canonical distributivity isomorphism. Together with the shift comparisons

F⊗AX[1]⟶(F⊗AX)[1],fp⊗x⟼(−1)pf⊗x,F[1]⊗AX⟶(F⊗AX)[1],f⊗x⟼f⊗x,

these identify the image of either standard cone triangle with the standard cone triangle of the tensored chain map in the homotopy category.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: Bounded cochain complexes of graded bimodules with degree-zero bimodule-linear differentials, and degree-zero bimodule-linear chain maps.

[L1]

For homogeneous f∈Fp and g∈Gq, the total differential is d(f⊗g)=dF(f)⊗g+(−1)pf⊗dG(g) (Bounded graded bimodule complexes and signed tensor totalization).

[L2]

Degree-zero bimodule chain maps tensor to chain maps, preserving identities and composition (Bimodule tensor totalization respects differentials and homotopies).

[L3]

The balanced graded associator is an isomorphism compatible with outer actions and natural, and the tensor-unit maps are degree-zero isomorphisms compatible with outer actions (Graded associativity, units, and internal-shift tensor isomorphisms).

[L4]

The chain mapping cone has differential d(y,x)=(dDy+f(x),−dCx) on Dn⊕Cn−1 (The mapping cone of a chain map). Reindexing chain degree n=−q gives the cochain cone formula in the statement.

[L5]

The standard cone triangle is the image of C→fD→jCone⁡(f)→qC[1] in the homotopy category (Standard cone triangle in the homotopy category).

[L6]

For an abelian category, its homotopy category with shift and distinguished cone triangles is triangulated (The homotopy category of an abelian category is triangulated).

Proof

Proof technique: explicit formulas on elementary tensors and direct cochain-sign checks; boundedness makes each reindexing of total sums finite.

1.1L3algebra

On a homogeneous triple tensor with cochain degrees p,q,r, the two parenthesizations have total degree p+q+r; the balanced associator sends ((f⊗g)⊗h) to f⊗(g⊗h) and its inverse reverses this formula, while [L3] gives balanced well-definedness, internal degree zero, and compatibility with the outside B- and E-actions. Extending over the finite diagonals gives a degree-zero graded bimodule isomorphism in each cochain degree.

1.2L1L3algebra

Applying [L1] to either parenthesization gives the coefficients 1,(−1)p,(−1)p+q on dF,dG,dH. Thus the associator commutes with total differentials; its naturality follows from [L3] on each summand, so it is a natural chain isomorphism.

1.3L1L3algebra

The maps b⊗f↦bf and f⊗a↦fa are the balanced unit isomorphisms of [L3], degree zero and outer-linear. The regular complexes have zero differential and lie in cochain degree zero, so the tensor differentials are respectively 1⊗dF and dF⊗1; bimodule-linearity of dF makes both unit maps chain maps. Their canonical inverses and naturality are supplied by [L3].

1.4L3algebra

On every pure tensor, either path around the associator pentagon sends the four factors to the same unparenthesized tensor. In each unit triangle, either path evaluates the unit factor by its module action and gives the same tensor. Pure tensors generate the balanced tensor products, so the coherence diagrams commute as chain maps; these formulas insert no sign because they change no cochain degree.

1.5L4L5algebra

Reindexing the chain cone of [L4] by n=−q gives Cone⁡(u)q=Yq⊕Xq+1 and differential (y,x)↦(dYy+uq+1x,−dXq+1x), with projection to X[1]q=Xq+1. This fixes the inclusion and projection in the standard triangle [L5].

1.6L1L4algebra

Distribute Fp⊗A(Yq⊕Xq+1) over its two summands. The right-variable comparison is the identity on the target summand and multiplication by (−1)p on the shifted-source summand; each component is balanced and bimodule-linear, and the inverse uses the same component formulas since (−1)2p=1, making it an internal-degree-zero bimodule isomorphism in every total degree. These formulas commute with degree-zero maps in all inputs, so the comparison is natural.

1.7L1L2L4algebra

For f∈Fp, y∈Yq, and x∈Xq+1, the target component after the cone differential is dFf⊗y+(−1)pf⊗dYy+(−1)pf⊗u(x), matching the target component obtained by first taking the tensor differential and then the comparison. On the shifted-source component the target cone differential is −dF⊗X((−1)pf⊗x)=(−1)p+1dFf⊗x−f⊗dXx; applying the comparison after the source differential gives the same expression, since its sign on dFf is (−1)p+1 and its sign on (−1)pf⊗(−dXx) is −1. Thus the comparison is a chain map.

1.8L1L5algebra

The shift comparison F⊗AX[1]→(F⊗AX)[1] with value (−1)pf⊗x is a chain isomorphism: the two total differentials agree because the shift negates dX on the first side and negates both terms of the total differential on the second. Under this comparison, the projection of F⊗Cone⁡(u) to F⊗X[1] equals the projection of Cone⁡(1F⊗u) followed by the shift comparison, both sending f⊗x to (−1)pf⊗x; the inclusions of F⊗Y also agree. This identifies the entire standard cone triangles.

1.9L1L4algebra

Write Cone⁡(v)p=F′p⊕Fp+1. After distributing the tensor with Xq, the left-variable comparison identifies these summands with (F′⊗AX)n and (F⊗AX)n+1, respectively, for n=p+q, and is the identity on each part; it is natural since these components commute with all degree-zero maps.

1.10L1L2L4algebra

On a target-part element (f′,f)⊗x, the target component of either differential is dF′f′⊗x+(−1)pf′⊗dXx+v(f)⊗x. On a shifted-source element f∈Fp+1 tensored with x, the source component on either side is −dFf⊗x+(−1)pf⊗dXx, since the shifted total differential is −dF⊗X. Thus the identity comparison is a chain map, with inverse the identity on both summands.

1.11L1L5algebra

The shift comparison F[1]⊗AX→(F⊗AX)[1] is identity on elementary tensors; for f∈Fp+1 its differential on either side is −dFf⊗x+(−1)pf⊗dXx. The inclusion and projection commute with the identity-on-parts comparison, including projection to the shifted source under this shift comparison, so the entire standard triangle for v tensors to that for v⊗A1X.

2.1L5L6algebra∎

The categories of graded bimodules used here are abelian: kernels and cokernels of degree-zero bimodule maps are computed in each internal degree and remain stable under both actions, and the canonical coimage-to-image map is an isomorphism degreewise. Applying [L6] makes their standard cone triangles distinguished in the homotopy categories; the comparisons already checked in both variables identify the image triangles with the respective standard cone triangles.

Depends on

Used by

Dependency tree · two levels

29 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.

Sources