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Bounded bimodule tensor is associative, unital, and compatible with cones
Statement
Let be a commutative ring and let be unital graded -algebras. Let be bounded cochain complexes of graded bimodules of types , , and , respectively. The degreewise balanced associator is a natural chain isomorphism
The regular bimodule complexes and , concentrated in cochain degree zero, give natural chain isomorphisms
These associator and unit isomorphisms satisfy the pentagon and unit triangle coherence identities on elementary tensors.
Let be a degree-zero chain map of bounded graded -bimodule complexes, and let be a degree-zero chain map of bounded graded -bimodule complexes. Use the cochain cone convention obtained by reindexing the mapping cone in The mapping cone of a chain map:
Here with differential . Then there are natural chain isomorphisms
and
which is the identity on the target and shifted-source parts under the canonical distributivity isomorphism. Together with the shift comparisons
these identify the image of either standard cone triangle with the standard cone triangle of the tensored chain map in the homotopy category.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: Bounded cochain complexes of graded bimodules with degree-zero bimodule-linear differentials, and degree-zero bimodule-linear chain maps.
For homogeneous and , the total differential is (Bounded graded bimodule complexes and signed tensor totalization).
Degree-zero bimodule chain maps tensor to chain maps, preserving identities and composition (Bimodule tensor totalization respects differentials and homotopies).
The balanced graded associator is an isomorphism compatible with outer actions and natural, and the tensor-unit maps are degree-zero isomorphisms compatible with outer actions (Graded associativity, units, and internal-shift tensor isomorphisms).
The chain mapping cone has differential on (The mapping cone of a chain map). Reindexing chain degree gives the cochain cone formula in the statement.
The standard cone triangle is the image of in the homotopy category (Standard cone triangle in the homotopy category).
For an abelian category, its homotopy category with shift and distinguished cone triangles is triangulated (The homotopy category of an abelian category is triangulated).
Proof
Proof technique: explicit formulas on elementary tensors and direct cochain-sign checks; boundedness makes each reindexing of total sums finite.
On a homogeneous triple tensor with cochain degrees , the two parenthesizations have total degree ; the balanced associator sends to and its inverse reverses this formula, while [L3] gives balanced well-definedness, internal degree zero, and compatibility with the outside - and -actions. Extending over the finite diagonals gives a degree-zero graded bimodule isomorphism in each cochain degree.
Applying [L1] to either parenthesization gives the coefficients on . Thus the associator commutes with total differentials; its naturality follows from [L3] on each summand, so it is a natural chain isomorphism.
The maps and are the balanced unit isomorphisms of [L3], degree zero and outer-linear. The regular complexes have zero differential and lie in cochain degree zero, so the tensor differentials are respectively and ; bimodule-linearity of makes both unit maps chain maps. Their canonical inverses and naturality are supplied by [L3].
On every pure tensor, either path around the associator pentagon sends the four factors to the same unparenthesized tensor. In each unit triangle, either path evaluates the unit factor by its module action and gives the same tensor. Pure tensors generate the balanced tensor products, so the coherence diagrams commute as chain maps; these formulas insert no sign because they change no cochain degree.
Reindexing the chain cone of [L4] by gives and differential , with projection to . This fixes the inclusion and projection in the standard triangle [L5].
Distribute over its two summands. The right-variable comparison is the identity on the target summand and multiplication by on the shifted-source summand; each component is balanced and bimodule-linear, and the inverse uses the same component formulas since , making it an internal-degree-zero bimodule isomorphism in every total degree. These formulas commute with degree-zero maps in all inputs, so the comparison is natural.
For , , and , the target component after the cone differential is , matching the target component obtained by first taking the tensor differential and then the comparison. On the shifted-source component the target cone differential is ; applying the comparison after the source differential gives the same expression, since its sign on is and its sign on is . Thus the comparison is a chain map.
The shift comparison with value is a chain isomorphism: the two total differentials agree because the shift negates on the first side and negates both terms of the total differential on the second. Under this comparison, the projection of to equals the projection of followed by the shift comparison, both sending to ; the inclusions of also agree. This identifies the entire standard cone triangles.
Write . After distributing the tensor with , the left-variable comparison identifies these summands with and , respectively, for , and is the identity on each part; it is natural since these components commute with all degree-zero maps.
On a target-part element , the target component of either differential is . On a shifted-source element tensored with , the source component on either side is , since the shifted total differential is . Thus the identity comparison is a chain map, with inverse the identity on both summands.
The shift comparison is identity on elementary tensors; for its differential on either side is . The inclusion and projection commute with the identity-on-parts comparison, including projection to the shifted source under this shift comparison, so the entire standard triangle for tensors to that for .
The categories of graded bimodules used here are abelian: kernels and cokernels of degree-zero bimodule maps are computed in each internal degree and remain stable under both actions, and the canonical coimage-to-image map is an isomorphism degreewise. Applying [L6] makes their standard cone triangles distinguished in the homotopy categories; the comparisons already checked in both variables identify the image triangles with the respective standard cone triangles.
Depends on
- Bounded graded bimodule complexes and signed tensor totalization
- Bimodule tensor totalization respects differentials and homotopies
- Graded associativity, units, and internal-shift tensor isomorphisms
- The mapping cone of a chain map
- Standard cone triangle in the homotopy category
- The homotopy category of an abelian category is triangulated
Used by
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Sources
- Khovanov and Seidel, Quivers, Floer Cohomology, and Braid Group Actions, §2c and Proposition 2.4 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Stacks Project, Differential Graded Algebra, §22.33, tag 09LP (standard reference, not scraped)
- Stacks Project, More on Algebra, §15.60, tag 06XY (standard reference, not scraped)