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fails the Radon--Nikodym property
Statement
Assume the Axiom of Choice. Over either or , the Banach space does not have the Radon--Nikodym property.
Facts & Assumptions
The Axiom of Choice holds (The Axiom of Choice).
The sequence space has the supremum norm (The sequence spaces c_0 and ell-infinity) and is Banach over both scalar fields (Real and complex are Banach).
Every has the unique bilinear representation by a sequence (The continuous dual of c0 is ell-one), whose finite truncations converge in (Finite truncations approximate null and summable sequences).
A bounded set is dentable when it has slices of arbitrarily small norm diameter (Dentable bounded set and slice).
Under AC, RNP is equivalent to dentability of every nonempty bounded closed convex set (RNP--dentability characterization).
Proof
Given: AC and the closed unit ball of .
Fix an arbitrary slice and a point with positive margin. Let be any slice, and represent by [L2]. On one has : the upper bound is the dual-norm inequality, and multiplying an almost norming vector by a scalar of modulus one makes its -value real and nonnegative. By nonemptiness of the slice choose and put .
Change one remote coordinate in both directions. Truncation convergence in [L2] gives , so choose with . Define by retaining all coordinates of except and . Both sequences still tend to zero and have supremum norm at most one, so . Moreover
and the same estimate with puts in . Thus .
Compute every slice diameter and obtain nondentability. The triangle inequality bounds the diameter of , and hence of , by two; step 2.1 attains two. Therefore every slice of has diameter exactly two. In particular no slice has diameter below one, so is not dentable. The ball is nonempty, bounded, closed, and convex in the Banach space from [L1].
Apply the RNP--dentability characterization. If had RNP, [L4] would make its closed unit ball dentable, contradicting step 3.1. Hence fails RNP over both scalar fields.
Record the zero-functional and endpoint cases. [A1, L2, L3, step 1.1, step 2.1, step 4.1] If , the slice is all of ; take and any , so the same , witness diameter two. For nonzero , the strict slice margin ensures both perturbed points remain inside rather than merely on its boundary. A zero coefficient causes no difficulty. The complex proof uses the bilinear -- pairing and real parts exactly as in [L2]--[L3]; no conjugate is inserted. AC is used only through [L4].
Depends on
Used by
- c₀ is not isomorphic to a dual space Corollary
Dependency tree · two levels
20 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Gilles Pisier, Martingales in Banach Spaces (standard reference, not scraped)