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TheoremStatement: AI-adaptedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedprecheck passjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-09-09
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The complete-metric Baire principle implies Dependent Choice over ZF

Statement

In ZF, the complete-metric Baire principle implies both starting-point-free and prescribed-start Dependent Choice. No monotonicity of the witness indices or distinctness of the resulting chain values is asserted.

More explicitly, for any fiUi, where Ui={f:(jω)f(i)Rf(j)}, the least-index map q(i)=min{jω:f(i)Rf(j)} exists. Recursion k(0)=0, k(n+1)=q(k(n)) gives the chain a(n)=f(k(n)).

Facts & Assumptions

Given: CM-Baire and an arbitrary serial relation R on a nonempty set A.

[F1]

Under CM-Baire, every sequence of open dense sets in a complete metric space has dense intersection (The complete-metric Baire principle over ZF).

[F2]

The reciprocal first-difference metric makes Aω nonempty and complete in ZF (Discrete sequence spaces are complete in ZF).

[F3]

The sets Ui={f:(jω)f(i)Rf(j)} form a sequence of open dense subsets of that space (Successor-occurrence sets of a serial relation are open and dense).

[F5]

For a self-map q of a set and a specified initial element, recursion on the naturals gives a function with successor rule k(n+1)=q(k(n)) (The recursion theorem).

[F6]

Starting-point-free DC implies prescribed-start DC in ZF (Prescribed-start and starting-point-free serial choice are equivalent in ZF).

Proof

1.1

Since A, Y=Aω with its specified metric is nonempty complete, and (Ui) is open dense. Apply CM-Baire to this space and family: D=iUi is dense in Y. If D were empty, every ball about a point of the nonempty space Y would miss it, contradicting density. Thus fix a single fD.

F1F2F3given
2.1

For each iω, Separation gives Wi={jω:f(i)Rf(j)}. Since fUi, this set is nonempty and has a unique least element q(i). The graph of q is the subset of ω×ω where jWi and no smaller natural belongs to Wi; hence Separation makes q:ωω a set function. In particular f(i)Rf(q(i)) for every i. This defines successors uniquely from the one fixed f.

F4step 1.1
3.1

Apply recursion with carrier ω, initial element 0 and the self-map q. It yields k:ωω with k(0)=0 and k(n+1)=q(k(n)). The composite a(n)=f(k(n)) has graph obtained by Separation in ω×A. For every n, the preceding relation at i=k(n) says a(n)=f(k(n))Rf(q(k(n)))=f(k(n+1))=a(n+1). Thus a is an R-chain.

F4F5step 2.1
4.1

The construction works for every nonempty A and every serial R, so gives the global starting-point-free DC principle. Its ZF equivalence with the prescribed-start principle gives the latter as well. The minimum q(i) can be smaller or larger than i, so no increasing-index or distinct-value assumption entered the argument; singleton carriers and self-loops are allowed.

F6step 1.1step 3.1

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Sources