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Conditional expectation exists by radon nikodym
Statement
Assume AC. For every real integrable on and every sub-sigma-algebra , a conditional-expectation version of given exists.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: AC, a probability space , a sub-sigma-algebra , and real .
A version is real, integrable, -measurable, and has the required event integrals. (Conditional expectation given a sigma algebra)
The indefinite integral of a nonnegative measurable function is a measure. (The indefinite integral of a nonnegative measurable function is a measure)
Under AC, an absolutely continuous signed measure with a common finite exhaustion has a real measurable RN density, integrable when its total variation is finite. (A sigma-finite signed measure that is absolutely continuous with respect to a sigma-finite positive measure has a unique almost-everywhere density)
Linear combinations of integrable functions are integrable and event integrals are linear. (The Lebesgue integral is linear on )
A nonnegative measurable function has zero integral exactly when it is zero almost everywhere. (A nonnegative measurable function has integral exactly when it vanishes almost everywhere)
AC supplies the selections in the cited RN proof: a maximizing sequence and countably many Hahn decompositions. (The Axiom of Choice)
Nonnegative integrals over measurable null sets vanish. (A nonnegative integral over a null set vanishes)
Proof
Let and . Restricting the measures in [F2] from to makes finite positive measures, with total mass at most . If , [F7] gives , so . The constant exhaustion has finite and finite variation for both positive measures.
Apply [F3] separately to and . Its AC hypothesis is [F6]; its exhaustion and absolute continuity were checked in step 1.1. It supplies real, -measurable integrable with . They are nonnegative almost everywhere: on positivity of and nonpositivity of the integral force , so [F5] makes null. Set them to zero there. These are -measurable null sets, so the modification is legitimate without completing . The current RN interface already supplies real integrable densities, so no infinite density is subtracted.
Put . It is real, -measurable and integrable, and for every , , with only finite subtractions. Thus [F1] makes the required version.
Source notes
Durrett §4.1, existence paragraph, printed pp.206–207; van der Vaart Theorem 1.3, printed pp.1–2. The local current RN statement (including AC and its integrable real-valued output) is used exactly as stated.
Depends on
- Conditional expectation given a sigma algebra
- A sigma-finite signed measure that is absolutely continuous with respect to a sigma-finite positive measure has a unique almost-everywhere density
- The indefinite integral of a nonnegative measurable function is a measure
- The Lebesgue integral is linear on $L^1(\mu)$
- A nonnegative measurable function has integral $0$ exactly when it vanishes almost everywhere
- The Axiom of Choice
- A nonnegative integral over a null set vanishes
Used by
- Conditional expectation as an ae class Definition
- Conditional probability given a sigma algebra Definition
Dependency tree · two levels
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Sources
- Durrett, Probability: Theory and Examples, 5th ed. (standard reference, not scraped)