How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
The cover-small inclusion is a chain homotopy equivalence
Statement
The inclusion of the cover-small complex into the singular complex is a chain homotopy equivalence.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A family whose interiors cover , an abelian group , and the barycentric subdivision data. Write and . We first construct integral operators and then tensor with .
Proof
Use and with from Subdivision is chain homotopic to the identity. Their constructions in Barycentric subdivision operator and Subdivision prism homotopy take each singular simplex to a finite sum of its compositions with affine simplices in its own domain. Thus neither operator enlarges the image of a simplex, and both preserve . Also is a chain map: applying on either side of the displayed homotopy identity gives . Set for , so and by telescoping.
For each singular simplex , let be the least with ; existence follows from Finite chains eventually become cover-small with integer coefficients. Define recursively on dimension: on vertices set , and for positive-dimensional set Every maximum is finite and uses already defined lower-dimensional values. Since preserves small chains, is small. Every face has by construction, regardless of cancellations in subdivided chains. If is already small, all its faces are small, so this recursion gives .
Define on integral generators and extend linearly. Put on . The identity gives . On a simplex, telescoping gives The first term is small. For each face , its signed correction is . Each is small for these indices, and preserves small chains. Therefore is small.
Regard as a chain map and let . Then . On every small simplex , hence on ; its boundary is also small, so . Thus one inverse composite is the identity and the other is chain homotopic to it. In degree zero all vertices are small and ; if is empty both complexes are zero.
The group is the direct summand of the free abelian group spanned by small singular simplices. Tensoring its inclusion with identifies with the cover-small subgroup of . Tensor and their identities with ; these identities remain valid for every abelian , including , without a flatness assumption. This proves the stated chain homotopy equivalence with the page's coefficients.
Depends on
Used by
- Excision for singular homology Theorem
Dependency tree · two levels
11 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Allen Hatcher, Algebraic Topology, Proposition 2.21 (standard reference, not scraped)