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TheoremStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedprecheck passjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-08-27
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A decreasing limit of plane subharmonic functions is subharmonic or identically -infinity

Statement

Let Ω⊆C be a complex domain and let u1≥u2≥⋯ be a decreasing sequence of subharmonic functions on Ω. Put u(z)=lim⁡n→∞un(z). Then either u≡−∞ on Ω, or u is subharmonic on Ω.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A decreasing sequence (un) of subharmonic functions on a complex domain Ω.

[L1]

The submean inequality is the defining local condition for subharmonicity (Subharmonic functions on plane domains).

[L2]

Circle boundary values of upper semicontinuous functions are Borel and bounded above, so a constant may be added to make the decreasing sequence nonnegative on a fixed circle before applying monotone convergence (Upper semicontinuous functions are Borel and their circle averages are defined).

[L3]

Monotone convergence turns an increasing sequence of nonnegative measurable functions into the limit of their integrals (Monotone convergence for the integral).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1given

A decreasing limit of upper semicontinuous functions is upper semicontinuous, so u is upper semicontinuous on Ω. If u≡−∞, the first alternative of the statement holds and there is nothing more to prove. Assume from now on that u is finite at least at one point.

1.2L1L2L3choose

Fix a closed disc D(a,r)‾⊆Ω. For every n, [L1] gives [L1, L2, L3, choose] un(a)≤12π∫02πun(a+reit) dt. By [L2], the boundary functions are measurable and bounded above. Choose a constant M larger than u1 on the circle. Then M−un(a+reit) is an increasing sequence of nonnegative measurable functions of t, so [L3] yields lim⁡n→∞12π∫02πun(a+reit) dt=12π∫02πu(a+reit) dt.

2.1step 1.1step 1.2L1∎

Passing to the limit in the inequalities of step 1.2 gives [step 1.1, step 1.2, L1] u(a)≤12π∫02πu(a+reit) dt. Since the disc was arbitrary and step 1.1 supplied upper semicontinuity, [L1] makes u subharmonic.

Depends on

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Sources