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TheoremStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-generatedprecheck passaudited 2026-09-04
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The Dirichlet eta series is holomorphic on Re⁡s>0 and equals the prefactor times zeta there

Statement

The series

η(s):=∑n=1∞(−1)n−1n−s

converges locally uniformly on the half-plane Re⁡s>0 and so defines a holomorphic function there. On the same half-plane one has

η(s)=(1−21−s)ζ(s).

The identity is a representation theorem: it remains valid at the zeros of 1−21−s because both sides are already holomorphic there.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A compact set K⊆{s∈C:Re⁡s>0}.

[L1]

The zeta series ∑n−s defines ζ(s) on Re⁡s>1 (The Riemann zeta function on the half-plane Re⁡s>1).

[L2]

The fractional-part formula extends ζ meromorphically to Re⁡s>0 with only a simple pole at 1 (For Re⁡s>0, zeta admits the fractional-part integral formula with a simple residue-one pole at 1).

[L3]

The complex Weierstrass M-test gives locally uniform convergence from a summable majorant (Weierstrass M-test for complex-valued function series).

[L4]

The real logarithm is defined on (0,∞) and the complex exponential defines x−s=exp⁡(−slog⁡x) for x>0 (The natural logarithm as the inverse of the exponential function, The complex exponential by its power series).

[L5]

For rational p>1, the series ∑n≥1n−p converges (For rational p>0, ∑1/kp converges iff p>1).

[A1]

For fixed s, the derivative of x↦x−s=exp⁡(−slog⁡x) on (0,∞) is −sx−s−1.

[A2]

Two holomorphic functions on a connected domain that agree on a nonempty open subset agree everywhere on that domain.

Proof

technique · direct
1.1givenL3L4L5A1choosealgebra

Choose σ>0 and M≥0 so that Re⁡s≥σ and ∣s∣≤M on K. Pair the alternating series as η(s)=∑n=1∞((2n−1)−s−(2n)−s). Using [A1] and [L4], ∣(2n−1)−s−(2n)−s∣=∣s∫2n−12nx−s−1 dx∣≤M(2n−1)−σ−1. Taking σ rational, [L5] makes ∑n(2n−1)−σ−1 convergent. Therefore [L3] gives local uniform convergence of the paired series on K, so η is holomorphic on Re⁡s>0.

1.2L1algebra

On Re⁡s>1, the zeta series of [L1] converges absolutely, so regrouping odd and even terms gives η(s)=∑n≥1n−s−2∑n≥1(2n)−s=(1−21−s)ζ(s).

2.1step 1.1step 1.2L2A2algebra∎

By step 1.1, η is holomorphic on Re⁡s>0. By [L2], the function (1−21−s)ζ(s) is also holomorphic there: the factor 1−21−s vanishes at s=1 and removes the only pole of ζ. Step 1.2 shows that the two holomorphic functions agree on the nonempty open set Re⁡s>1, so [A2] gives the identity η(s)=(1−21−s)ζ(s) throughout Re⁡s>0.

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