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The F. and M. Riesz theorem

Statement

Assume countable choice, as in the circle and Hardy conventions. Let μ be a finite complex Borel measure on T whose Fourier coefficients μ^(n)=∫Tζ−n dμ(ζ) vanish for every n<0. Then μ is absolutely continuous with respect to m. More precisely, f:=P[μ] is holomorphic on D and lies in H1(D), and if f∗ is the boundary function of the Fatou theorem for analytic H1 then μ=f∗m; consequently ∣μ∣(T)=∥f∗∥1=∥f∥H1.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: Countable choice and a finite complex Borel measure μ on the circle with μ^(n)=0 for every n<0; put f=P[μ].

[F1]

The analytic Poisson coefficient criterion gives f holomorphic and in H1, with ∥f∥H1≤∣μ∣(T). Under CC complex circle measures have finite regular total variation. (Analytic Poisson integrals are exactly the measures with vanishing negative coefficients, Complex circle measures have finite regular total variation under countable choice, The Axiom of Countable Choice (ACω))

[F2]

The CC analytic Hardy boundary theorem gives f∗∈L1, finite nontangential limits, ∥fr−f∗∥1→0 and ∥f∗∥1=∥f∥H1. (Fatou's boundary theorem for analytic Hardy spaces, Analytic Hardy spaces on the unit disc)

[F3]

The circle Fourier coefficients of (P[μ])r are r∣n∣μ^(n), and equality of all Fourier coefficients determines a complex circle measure under CC. Fourier coefficients of L1 functions are bounded linear integrals. (Finite complex circle measures are determined by Fourier coefficients and Poisson integrals, Fourier coefficients and trigonometric polynomials on the torus)

[F4]

An L1 density h defines a complex measure h m by dominated convergence. Its known finite positive variation is supplied by the local CC circle-variation lemma; the direct unit-bounded simple-integral and phase-approximation argument gives ∣hm∣(E)=∫E∣h∣dm. (A complex L^1 density defines a complex measure whose total variation is |h| dmu, Complex circle measures have finite regular total variation under countable choice)

Proof

1.1F1F2given

By [F1], f=P[μ] is holomorphic and in H1. By [F2] it has the L1 boundary function f∗ with radial L1 convergence and the exact H1 norm. This covers f zero as well.

2.1step 1.1F3F4constructalgebra

Let ν=f∗m, a finite complex measure by [F4]. For each integer n, [F3] gives fr^(n)=r∣n∣μ^(n). L1 convergence in step 1.1 implies fr^(n)→f∗^(n), since the character has modulus one. Letting r increase to one yields ν^(n)=f∗^(n)=μ^(n). Fourier uniqueness [F3] gives μ=ν=f∗m, so μ≪m. No general h1 measure-existence theorem is invoked; the measure mu was already given.

3.1step 1.1step 2.1F2F4algebra∎

By [F4] and step 2.1, ∣μ∣(T)=∫∣f∗∣dm=∥f∗∥1. Step 1.1 gives ∥f∗∥1=∥f∥H1, proving the full norm identity. Holomorphy, boundary representation, absolute continuity and all stated equalities have now been established under CC.

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