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TheoremStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedprecheck passaudited 2026-09-14
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Homotopy invariance of vector-bundle pullback

Statement

Assume AC. Let X be paracompact Hausdorff and let H:X×IY be a homotopy from f0 to f1. For every numerable finite-rank real or complex vector bundle EY, the endpoint pullbacks f0E and f1E are isomorphic. Equivalently, the restrictions of HE to X×{0} and X×{1} are isomorphic. No canonical endpoint isomorphism is asserted.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: AC, X,H,E as in the statement, and ξ=HEX×I.

[F1]

Pullback charts make ξ a vector bundle, and its endpoint restrictions are f0E and f1E (Pullback vector bundles and sections).

[F2]

Under AC and DC a paracompact Hausdorff open cover admits a subordinate locally finite partition (Under choice and dependent choice, every open cover of a paracompact Hausdorff space admits a locally finite subordinate partition of unity).

[F3]

The countabilization in the proof of Numerable principal bundles are classified by maps to BG turns an arbitrary numeration into a countable partition (λm) such that each cozero set is a disjoint union of open pieces subordinate to the original cover.

Proof

technique · direct
1.1

For each xX, compactness of I gives a partition 0=t0<<tr=1 and neighborhoods Ux,j of x such that ξ is trivial on Ux,j×[tj1,tj]. After shrinking to Ux=jUx,j, modify each later strip trivialization by its transition matrix at the common endpoint; consecutive trivializations then agree there and paste. Thus ξUx×I is trivial.

F1construct
2.1

Apply [A1] and [F2] to the cover (Ux). Apply the countabilization [F3] to obtain a countable open cover (Vm) and a locally finite partition (λm) with suppλmVm, where each Vm is a disjoint union of open sets contained in members of the original cover. Pasting the corresponding trivializations over those disjoint pieces makes ξVm×I trivial.

F2F3A1step 1.1choose
3.1

Put ψ0=0, ψm=jmλj, and let XmX×I be the graph of ψm. Over Vm×I, its chosen trivialization transports a vector vertically from (x,ψm(x)) to (x,ψm1(x)). Outside suppλm the two graph points agree, so extending by the identity gives a continuous bundle isomorphism hm:ξXmξXm1.

step 2.1construct
4.1

Near any x, choose M so every λm with m>M vanishes there. On that neighborhood ψM=1, and h1hM carries the restriction over the graph of 1 to the graph of 0. Enlarging M does not change this map locally because the added hm are identities. These local formulas therefore define a continuous fiberwise-linear isomorphism ξX×{1}ξX×{0}. Reversing the finite local composites gives its continuous inverse.

step 3.1
5.1

By [F1] the two endpoint restrictions are precisely f1E and f0E, so step 4.1 proves the assertion. AC was used in step 2.1 to supply DC and countabilize the arbitrary partition; the finite strip constructions are choice-free once their data are supplied. Different partitions and charts can give different endpoint maps, which is why no canonical isomorphism is claimed.

F1A1step 2.1step 4.1

Depends on

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Sources