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Hyperbolic groups admit finite Dehn presentations

Statement

Let G be a hyperbolic group. Then G admits a finite presentation SR with the following Dehn property: every nonempty freely reduced word w over S±1 representing the identity in G contains a subword u such that u is longer than half of some cyclic conjugate uv of a relator in R±1.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A hyperbolic group G.

[A1]

There is an integer L1, depending only on the hyperbolicity constant, such that an L-local geodesic is a uniform quasi-geodesic and no nonempty closed path is an L-local geodesic.

[A2]

For a fixed finite generating set, there are only finitely many words of length at most 2L.

Proof

technique · direct
1.1

Choose a finite generating set S for G and an integer L as in [A1]. Let R be the finite set of freely reduced words over S±1 of length at most 2L that represent the identity. Finiteness follows from [A2], and SR presents G once the Dehn property below is proved.

givenA1A2construct
2.1

Suppose a nonempty freely reduced trivial word w contains no subword longer than half of a cyclic conjugate of a member of R±1. If a subword of w of length at most L were nongeodesic, choose one of minimal length and call it u, and choose a shorter geodesic word v with the same endpoints. Minimality of u implies that u and v share neither an initial nor a terminal edge: deleting such a common edge would give a shorter nongeodesic subword. Hence the loop word uv1 is freely and cyclically reduced. It belongs to R, has length u+v<2u2L, and contains u as more than half of a cyclic conjugate, a contradiction. Thus every length-at-most-L subword of w is geodesic, so the closed path labelled by w is an L-local geodesic.

step 1.1choosealgebra
3.1

Fact [A1] forbids a nonempty closed L-local geodesic, contradicting step 2.1. Hence every nonempty freely reduced trivial word has the required long relator subword. This is the Dehn property, so the finite set R presents G and gives a finite Dehn presentation.

A1step 1.1step 2.1

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