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Regular functions on a normal variety are cut out in codimension one

Statement

Assume the Axiom of Choice. Let X be an irreducible normal classical variety over an algebraically closed field, with function field k(X), and let φ∈k(X) be a rational function. Then φ is regular on all of X if and only if, on every affine chart U with A=k[U], it lies in Ap for every height-one prime p of A. Equivalently, Γ(X,OX)=⋂U affine ⋂ht⁡p=1k[U]p⊆k(X). These are local rings along codimension-one irreducible subvarieties, not necessarily local rings at classical closed points. Height is the algebraic codimension convention here. In dimension zero an empty intersection is interpreted as k(X).

Facts & Assumptions

Given: AC, the algebraically closed field k, the irreducible normal classical variety X with function field k(X), a rational function φ∈k(X), and a finite affine chart U⊆X with coordinate ring A=k[U].

[F1]

A is a Noetherian integrally closed domain; a rational function is regular at a point y exactly when it lies in the local ring OX,y, and on the affine chart this local ring is the localisation Amy (Normality is checked on affine open charts, Normal points and normal varieties, A rational function is regular at a point exactly when it lies in the local ring, The local ring at a point of an affine variety is the localization at its maximal ideal). AC is used here.

[F2]

Every Noetherian integrally closed domain satisfies Serre's condition (S2), and a Noetherian domain with (S2) equals the intersection of its height-one localisations inside its fraction field (normal domain implies s two, r one s two intersection of height one localisations); the intersection is read inside k(X)=Frac⁡(A) (The function field of an irreducible classical affine variety).

[F3]

All affine charts share the field k(X) (Integral classical varieties in the compatible affine-atlas register, Compatible affine charts of an integral classical variety have one function field). A prime p on a chart defines the prime-local ring Ap along its irreducible subvariety. We use height one to express codimension one, rather than adjoining nonclosed points to the classical point set.

Proof

1.1F1F2F3given

On an affine chart U the coordinate ring A is a Noetherian integrally closed domain by [F1]. By [F2], A=⋂ht⁡p=1Ap inside k(X). Thus membership in every height-one localization is equivalent to φ∈A, which is regularity on U. If A is a field, the same equality uses the stated empty-intersection convention.

2.1F1F2F3step 1.1∎

If the membership condition holds on every chart, step 1.1 makes φ regular on each member of a finite affine cover. The sections agree on overlaps because they represent the same rational function in k(X), so they glue to a global regular function. Conversely a global regular function restricts to an element of each A, and hence belongs to every Ap. This proves the equivalence and the intersection formula.

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