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Regular functions on a normal variety are cut out in codimension one
Statement
Assume the Axiom of Choice. Let be an irreducible normal classical variety over an algebraically closed field, with function field , and let be a rational function. Then is regular on all of if and only if, on every affine chart with , it lies in for every height-one prime of . Equivalently, These are local rings along codimension-one irreducible subvarieties, not necessarily local rings at classical closed points. Height is the algebraic codimension convention here. In dimension zero an empty intersection is interpreted as .
Facts & Assumptions
Given: AC, the algebraically closed field , the irreducible normal classical variety with function field , a rational function , and a finite affine chart with coordinate ring .
is a Noetherian integrally closed domain; a rational function is regular at a point exactly when it lies in the local ring , and on the affine chart this local ring is the localisation (Normality is checked on affine open charts, Normal points and normal varieties, A rational function is regular at a point exactly when it lies in the local ring, The local ring at a point of an affine variety is the localization at its maximal ideal). AC is used here.
Every Noetherian integrally closed domain satisfies Serre's condition , and a Noetherian domain with equals the intersection of its height-one localisations inside its fraction field (normal domain implies s two, r one s two intersection of height one localisations); the intersection is read inside (The function field of an irreducible classical affine variety).
All affine charts share the field (Integral classical varieties in the compatible affine-atlas register, Compatible affine charts of an integral classical variety have one function field). A prime on a chart defines the prime-local ring along its irreducible subvariety. We use height one to express codimension one, rather than adjoining nonclosed points to the classical point set.
Proof
On an affine chart the coordinate ring is a Noetherian integrally closed domain by [F1]. By [F2], inside . Thus membership in every height-one localization is equivalent to , which is regularity on . If is a field, the same equality uses the stated empty-intersection convention.
If the membership condition holds on every chart, step 1.1 makes regular on each member of a finite affine cover. The sections agree on overlaps because they represent the same rational function in , so they glue to a global regular function. Conversely a global regular function restricts to an element of each , and hence belongs to every . This proves the equivalence and the intersection formula.
Depends on
- Normal points and normal varieties
- r one s two intersection of height one localisations
- normal domain implies s two
- A domain is integrally closed if and only if its prime localisations are, equivalently if and only if its maximal localisations are
- Codimension of an irreducible closed subvariety
- The local ring at a point of an affine variety is the localization at its maximal ideal
- Integral classical varieties in the compatible affine-atlas register
- Compatible affine charts of an integral classical variety have one function field
- The function field of an irreducible classical affine variety
- A rational function is regular at a point exactly when it lies in the local ring
- Normality is checked on affine open charts
- The Axiom of Choice
Used by
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Sources
- J. S. Milne, Algebraic Geometry (2025 version), Ch. 8 §a: Theorem 8.14 and Corollary 8.15 (rational functions with no poles in codimension one are regular) (standard reference, not scraped)
- Michael Artin, MIT 18.721 Algebraic Geometry notes (January 26, 2022), Ch. 4 §§4.2-4.3 (standard reference, not scraped)