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Prikry forcing preserves every cardinal
Statement
Prikry forcing at a measurable cardinal preserves every ground-model cardinal while changing to .
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The forcing-theorem setting over a transitive ZFC ground model , a normal measure on , and a generic extension .
Prikry forcing adds no bounded subsets of kappa: Every subset of an ordinal below appearing in the extension is already in the ground model.
Prikry forcing is kappa-plus-cc but not ccc: Prikry forcing is -cc.
Measurable cardinals are inaccessible: A measurable is inaccessible, hence in particular an uncountable regular limit cardinal.
Chain conditions preserve high cofinalities and ccc preserves cardinals: A -cc forcing for regular preserves all ground cardinals at least .
Every infinite cardinal is for exactly one ordinal , in ZF; and, assuming the Axiom of Choice, every infinite set is equinumerous with exactly one aleph and is regular in ZF; assuming the Axiom of Choice every successor aleph is regular; , so is singular, and under choice it is the least singular infinite cardinal: Under Choice, every infinite cardinal is an aleph and every successor aleph is regular.
Absorption: for cardinals with infinite and , , and when : Products of nonzero infinite cardinals with cardinals no larger than them are absorbed by the larger cardinal.
Cardinal (initial ordinal) and cardinality and The successor cardinal , the alephs , the beths , successor and limit cardinals, and the identifications and : Cardinals are initial ordinals, and denotes the least cardinal strictly above .
The Prikry generic sequence changes cofinality to omega: The generic stem union is an omega-sequence cofinal in .
Proof
Every ground cardinal remains a cardinal. Otherwise in some ordinal would be bijective with , by F7. In , cardinal absorption supplies a bijection coding by an ordinal (the finite cases are immediate and the infinite case uses F6). The graph of the alleged bijection therefore codes a new subset of , but F1 says that subset, and hence the graph, belongs to . This contradicts that was a ground cardinal. Choice is used only through the ground cardinal comparisons and coding already stated in F6 and F7.
The ordinal also remains a cardinal. If it were equinumerous in with some , let and obtain an injection . Since F3 makes a limit cardinal, the ground successor cardinal is still below ; it remains a cardinal by step 1.1. Restricting to would inject that preserved successor cardinal into , contradicting the defining minimality in F7.
Write the infinite cardinal as using F5. Then by the successor convention in F7, and F5 makes regular under Choice. F2 and F4 now imply that every ground cardinal at least is preserved. Together with steps 1.1 and 2.1, this covers every ground cardinal.
Cardinal preservation is not cofinality preservation at : F8 supplies in a cofinal map from into the still-cardinal ordinal , and proves . Thus the two promised conclusions coexist without treating the cofinality change as a collapse.
Depends on
- Prikry forcing adds no bounded subsets of kappa
- Prikry forcing is kappa-plus-cc but not ccc
- The Prikry generic sequence changes cofinality to omega
- Measurable cardinals are inaccessible
- Chain conditions preserve high cofinalities and ccc preserves cardinals
- Every infinite cardinal is $\aleph_\alpha$ for exactly one ordinal $\alpha$, in ZF; and, assuming the Axiom of Choice, every infinite set is equinumerous with exactly one aleph
- $\aleph_0$ is regular in ZF; assuming the Axiom of Choice every successor aleph $\aleph_{\alpha+1}$ is regular; $\operatorname{cf}(\aleph_\omega) = \aleph_0$, so $\aleph_\omega$ is singular, and under choice it is the least singular infinite cardinal
- Absorption: for cardinals $\kappa, \lambda$ with $\kappa$ infinite and $\lambda \le \kappa$, $\kappa \oplus \lambda = \kappa$, and $\kappa \otimes \lambda = \kappa$ when $\lambda \ne 0$
- The successor cardinal $\kappa^{+}$, the alephs $\aleph_\alpha$, the beths $\beth_\alpha$, successor and limit cardinals, and the identifications $\aleph_0 = \omega$ and $\aleph_1 = \omega_1$
- Cardinal (initial ordinal) and cardinality
- The Axiom of Choice
Used by
Dependency tree · two levels
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Sources
- Karagila, Forcing lecture notes, Section 9.2, Theorem 9.10(3) (standard reference, not scraped)