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Randomization does not improve convex action loss
Statement
Assume the Axiom of Choice and Countable Choice. Let and let the statistical experiment be , (Statistical experiments), with a nonempty closed convex action set , with its Borel sigma-algebra (Measurable spaces and measurable sets). Closedness is in the Euclidean topology (Interior, closure, boundary, limit point, isolated point and dense subset of a metric space) and convexity uses A convex subset of contains every line segment between two of its points. Let be a randomized decision rule, and let be a nonnegative Borel loss convex in the extended-functional sense of Convex and strictly convex functionals on a convex subset of a real vector space. On its convex finite-valued domain this inequality agrees with the real-valued Euclidean convention of Convex and strictly convex functions on Euclidean convex sets, used in the Jensen proof's subgradient step. Define For , define the coordinatewise barycenter Assume that for every , Then there is a measurable deterministic rule such that On , finite first moment in the Euclidean norm of The Euclidean inner product on makes each coordinate integral finite. No claim is made for nonconvex action sets or when the parameterwise almost-sure barycenter condition fails.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The action set, loss, randomized rule, and parameterwise almost-sure moment and barycenter conditions in the statement.
Assume AC and Countable Choice, used by the finite-dimensional integral Jensen supplier (The Axiom of Choice, The Axiom of Countable Choice ()).
A randomized procedure is a probability kernel, and its risk is the iterated loss integral (Randomized procedures as probability kernels, Loss functions and risk).
Nonnegative and signed integrals against a probability kernel are measurable; the signed integral is defined on the set of finite absolute integral (Measurability of integration against a kernel).
For a probability measure on a closed convex finite-dimensional action set, an extended-valued convex loss has integral at least its value at the barycenter; the lemma uses the extended-functional convexity convention and its finite-valued Euclidean restriction (Integral Jensen inequality for finite-dimensional convex losses).
A nonnegative measurable function has integral zero on a measurable null set (A nonnegative integral over a null set vanishes).
The nonnegative integral is additive on finite sums and monotone (Additivity of the nonnegative Lebesgue integral, Monotonicity and nonnegative homogeneity of the nonnegative integral).
Proof
Let . By [F2], is measurable. For each coordinate , , so the signed integral is measurable on by [F2]; hence is measurable on .
The set is measurable because is closed and therefore Borel. Fix one and define on and off . This is a measurable map into ; the hypotheses give for every .
For each and every , the section is nonnegative Borel convex, is a probability measure with finite first moment, and its barycenter belongs to . Applying [F3] gives .
Put and . Both are nonnegative measurable functions by [F1], [F2], and measurability of . Step 2.1 gives , so monotonicity [F5] gives . Since , [F4] gives zero integrals on ; additivity [F5] then yields . This is , and it holds for every .
Depends on
- Loss functions and risk
- Statistical experiments
- Randomized procedures as probability kernels
- Integral Jensen inequality for finite-dimensional convex losses
- Measurability of integration against a kernel
- Convex and strictly convex functionals on a convex subset of a real vector space
- A convex subset of $\mathbb{R}^m$ contains every line segment between two of its points
- Convex and strictly convex functions on Euclidean convex sets
- The Axiom of Choice
- The Axiom of Countable Choice ($\mathrm{AC}_\omega$)
- The Euclidean inner product $\langle x,y\rangle = \sum_{k<n} x_k y_k$ on $\mathbb{R}^n$
- Measurable spaces and measurable sets
- Interior, closure, boundary, limit point, isolated point and dense subset of a metric space
- A nonnegative integral over a null set vanishes
- Additivity of the nonnegative Lebesgue integral
- Monotonicity and nonnegative homogeneity of the nonnegative integral
Used by
Nothing in the library uses this result yet.
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Sources
- Ryan Martin, Lecture Notes on Advanced Statistical Theory, §5.2, PDF pp. 102–104 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Peter Hoff, Statistical Decision Problems, §§4–5, PDF pp. 7–13 (standard reference, not scraped)