How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
Standard borel spaces admit bimeasurable real codings
Statement
Assume AC. Every standard-Borel space is measurably isomorphic to a Borel subset of , including .
Facts & Assumptions
Given: AC and a standard-Borel space .
There is a Polish presentation preserving Borel sets in both directions. (Standard Borel spaces)
A separable metrizable space embeds homeomorphically in the Hilbert cube. (Every separable metrizable space embeds in the Hilbert cube )
The weighted sum of complete coordinate metrics bounded by one metrizes the cube. (The standard weighted metric on a countable product of bounded complete metric spaces is complete)
Under DC, a completely metrizable subspace of a metric space is . (Under Dependent Choice, every completely metrizable subspace of a metric space is )
The cube has a bimeasurable coding onto a Borel . (Hilbert cube has a bimeasurable real coding)
AC supplies the choices in the metric interfaces, including DC by selecting a successor for each admissible finite history and recursively iterating. (The Axiom of Choice)
Every real Cauchy sequence converges. (The reals are complete)
Proof
If , the empty bijection onto is bimeasurable. Otherwise fix the single Polish presentation of [F1]. Its separability and metrizability give a homeomorphic embedding by [F2].
The interval is complete: a Cauchy sequence converges in by [F7], and its limit stays between zero and one by the limit inequalities. Its metric is bounded by one. The metric makes a metric space by [F3]. The image is completely metrizable, transporting a complete compatible metric from . AC supplies DC as described in [F6], so [F4] yields that is and consequently Borel in . The currently repaired supplier proves the ambient equality: points in every small open neighbourhood union lie within of , hence in its closure, before the complete-metric limit argument.
Let be [F5]. Since is measurable, is Borel in , and therefore in , because itself is Borel. Restricting and its inverse to and preserves measurability. The homeomorphism is bimeasurable on trace Borel sets. Thus and are mutually inverse measurable maps between and .
Source notes
Durrett Theorem 2.1.22, printed pp.53–54, provides the coding route. Its omitted image detail is supplied by the local cube lemma and the current forward completely-metrizable-to-G-delta theorem; no converse or external recorded theorem is imported.
Depends on
- Hilbert cube has a bimeasurable real coding
- Standard Borel spaces
- Every separable metrizable space embeds in the Hilbert cube $[0,1]^{\mathbb N}$
- Under Dependent Choice, every completely metrizable subspace of a metric space is $G_\delta$
- The Axiom of Choice
- The standard weighted metric on a countable product of bounded complete metric spaces is complete
- The reals are complete
Used by
Dependency tree · two levels
42 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Durrett, Probability: Theory and Examples, 5th ed. (standard reference, not scraped)