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The positive-root Jones quotient is the type-A path tower with positive right closure
Statement
Let , , , , and let . For the normalized closure trace , let be its trace-pairing radical and put . Then is exactly the endomorphism component of the negligible tensor ideal generated by the boundary Jones–Wenzl projector . The form the actual path-space matrix tower of Type-A path spaces and their matrix-unit tower, with paths starting at and staying in . Their simple modules are precisely the nonzero endpoint path spaces, and restriction branches with multiplicity one over adjacent predecessor vertices.
Reflection gives a finite-dimensional -structure on in which the normalized closure trace is faithful positive. The strand inclusions are injective unital -maps and normalized right closure descends to the positive trace-preserving conditional expectation for . More explicitly, choose the normalized path matrix units whose prefix inclusions satisfy . If end at , with predecessor endpoints , then Here the extensions and matrix units exist only for valid adjacent retained labels. The diagonal trace is when ends at . These assertions hold at every finite rank, including the boundary; no extra quotient/path identification is assumed.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The stated positive root parameters and the closure/reflection convention.
Inclusion and normalized right closure preserve the trace radicals, are bimodular and trace-preserving, and satisfy . (Normalized right closure preserves the diagram trace radical, Right closure is a trace-preserving diagram-tower expectation)
The retained path inclusions and retractions are recursively constructed by the JW up/down splitting, with complete path matrix units and diagonal unnormalized trace . At endpoint the supplier's down maps are the cup inclusion and cap map , where ; it proves but does not assert . The adjoint relation and orthogonal normalization used below are proved locally. (Root fusion paths have nonzero pairings, Jones–Wenzl projectors: annihilation, uniqueness, partial trace, and closure)
The fixed embedded boundary ideal is exactly , its quotient is the full retained path matrix algebra, and categorical negligibility has these exact endomorphism components. (The root negligible quotient is semisimple with truncated fusion)
The abstract endpoint path tower uses prefix extension, and its restricted endpoint module branches once over each adjacent predecessor. (Type-A path spaces and their matrix-unit tower, The A_(ell-1) path-space tower branches by adjacent vertices)
At this positive root, for , , and . (Temperley–Lieb quantum integers and quantum characteristic)
Every normal endomorphism of a finite-dimensional complex inner-product space has an orthonormal eigenbasis; applied to a self-adjoint matrix, its eigenvalues are real and its negative spectral projection is an element of that same matrix block. (Complex spectral theorem: a normal endomorphism of a finite-dimensional complex inner product space has an orthonormal eigenbasis, and conversely)
At the positive root, is real, the diagram involution is conjugate-linear horizontal reflection (fixing and each and exchanging cups with caps), and the normalized closure trace has diagram value . Reflection preserves the number of components after closure, and cyclicity is supplied by the closure-trace argument used in [F1]. (Right closure is a trace-preserving diagram-tower expectation, Normalized right closure preserves the diagram trace radical)
Proof
Given: The hypotheses and [F1]–[F5].
The quantum-integer recurrence with real makes each real, and [F5] gives for . Starting with , induction in the JW recursion shows through : reflection fixes and , while the coefficient is real whenever this recursion is used. In particular the boundary projector is self-adjoint. For , the generated ideal component is zero and is reflection-stable; for , its fixed embedded generator is self-adjoint, so is reflection-stable because . By [F3], these are the endomorphism components of the generated negligible tensor ideal. Also [F7] gives on diagrams and hence on all elements. If , then for every cyclicity yields ; thus the trace radical is reflection-stable as well. Since [F3] identifies it with , the quotient involution is well defined.
Fix a retained endpoint , write , and use the supplier's maps and . Horizontal reflection reverses composition and exchanges the cup and cap; step 1.1 fixes and , so . The supplier identity therefore gives . Set . Then and , the down projection in the JW split. For , the complementary up projection is ; it is self-adjoint by step 1.1 and orthogonal to the down projection by the JW turnback relations in [F2]. At , the quotient kills before normalization, so only the down projection remains. The up inclusion and retraction are adjoints, as are and . Composing these isometric branch maps along retained paths gives path maps with mutually orthogonal ranges and . Hence are complete matrix units and . Their diagonal units equal the supplier's path projections (the reciprocal branch normalizations cancel), so by [F2]. Thus the quotient with its inherited reflection is a direct sum of full complex matrix algebras with the usual adjoint, hence a finite-dimensional -algebra. Since , its normalized closure trace is faithful positive.
Tensoring an endpoint path map with a strand and resolving its endpoint identity by the same isometric up/down splitting gives . The coefficients are exactly one because the inclusion and retraction at each common endpoint use reciprocal normalizations. At delete before splitting; only its down term remains, as in [F2]. Thus the actual quotient inclusions are exactly the prefix maps of [F4]; no compatibility is imposed as an additional hypothesis. Transporting the endpoint action along these matrix units and applying [F4] gives the asserted multiplicity-one branching, omitting zero path spaces and invalid boundary labels.
[F1] defines and independently of representatives. Bimodularity, trace preservation and pass to these quotients, so inclusion is injective. Its compatibility with reflection follows from real . Closure also commutes with reflection: the two finite matching graphs obtained by reflecting before or after closing have the same components and the real factor . Thus is star-preserving. For and , bimodularity gives . If the self-adjoint had a negative spectral subspace in one of the finite matrix blocks from step 2.1, its nonzero spectral projection would contradict this inequality and faithfulness. Hence is positive, unital, idempotent, bimodular and trace-preserving, the claimed conditional expectation.
Bimodularity with the endpoint central projections shows that if the predecessor endpoints differ. If they agree, bimodularity with the individual predecessor matrix units shows that its value is a single scalar independent of : multiplying on the left and right by predecessor diagonal units isolates that matrix entry, and multiplying by predecessor off-diagonal units identifies their coefficients. Trace preservation on a diagonal unit now gives , so . The coefficients are positive and sum to one over valid neighbours by [F5]; at the upper boundary the omitted term is , and at the nonexistent down term is . For every vertex has one retained neighbour and this coefficient is one. Rank zero and rank one have their unique scalar path algebra and the unital inclusion between them. This proves every assertion at the stated finite ranks.
Depends on
- Right closure is a trace-preserving diagram-tower expectation
- Normalized right closure preserves the diagram trace radical
- Type-A path spaces and their matrix-unit tower
- The A_(ell-1) path-space tower branches by adjacent vertices
- Root fusion paths have nonzero pairings
- The root negligible quotient is semisimple with truncated fusion
- Jones–Wenzl projectors: annihilation, uniqueness, partial trace, and closure
- Temperley–Lieb quantum integers and quantum characteristic
- Complex spectral theorem: a normal endomorphism of a finite-dimensional complex inner product space has an orthonormal eigenbasis, and conversely
Used by
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Sources
- Vaughan F. R. Jones, Planar Algebras, I (standard reference, not scraped)
- David Penneys, Exercises in Quantum Algebra (standard reference, not scraped)