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The coinvariant algebra is the graded regular representation of W
Statement
Assume the Axiom of Choice, inherited from the published invariant-theory items. Let be a finite Weyl group with reflection representation , coinvariant algebra and classical basic degrees as in The coinvariant algebra of a finite Weyl group and The coinvariant algebra is a complete intersection with one-dimensional socle. Then:
- as a -module: the coinvariant algebra is isomorphic to the regular representation of .
- The graded -character of is an identity of rational functions whose limit at is for and for .
- Equivalently, is the graded lift of the regular representation: if denotes the graded multiplicity of the irreducible -module , then the identity determines the graded multiplicities uniquely, with . The Hilbert-series specialization of (2) at is , the published coinvariant Hilbert series in the page normalization .
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A finite Weyl group of rank acting on the reflection representation , the symmetric algebra with page grading , homogeneous basic invariants of page degrees , and the coinvariant algebra with quotient map .
Under AC there is a -stable graded harmonic complement with as graded -modules ( acting trivially), the restriction is an isomorphism of graded -modules, and (The harmonic complement of the coinvariant algebra, The Axiom of Choice).
Under AC, is polynomial on the basic invariants of page degrees , and (Chevalley shephard todd for finite weyl groups, Weyl coinvariant hilbert series has order w dimension).
The irreducible complex characters of the finite group form an orthonormal basis of the class functions; hence two finite-dimensional complex representations with equal characters are isomorphic, and a representation's isotypic multiplicities are the character pairings with the irreducible characters (The irreducible complex characters form an orthonormal basis of , A finite-dimensional representation over a field, and its degree).
Proof
By [F1], is an isomorphism of graded -modules, so the graded traces agree: for every .
Molien's formula for the graded trace of : for and with eigenvalues on , one has , the complete homogeneous symmetric polynomial of degree , whose generating function is ; with page degrees doubled this gives as an identity of formal power series, the finite sum over the eigenvalues making every coefficient finite.
Since with acting trivially on the polynomial ring , whose homogeneous piece of page degree has dimension equal to the number of monomials of weighted degree , the graded trace factors as for .
Combining steps 1.1 to 1.3, first as an identity of formal power series for and then as an identity of rational functions; this is assertion (2).
Limits at : each factor vanishes to order exactly one at because its derivative there is , so the numerator vanishes to order . The denominator vanishes at to the order of the multiplicity of the eigenvalue of on , that is, to order ; the reflection representation is faithful, so implies and , whence for the limit of is . At the quotient is by [F2].
The graded trace at is the ordinary character of the finite-dimensional -module , so step 3.1 shows , the character of the regular representation; by the orthonormality of irreducible characters [F3], the multiplicity of each irreducible in equals its multiplicity in , namely . Hence as -modules, which is assertion (1).
Graded multiplicities: each homogeneous piece of decomposes into isotypic components, giving each irreducible its uniquely determined graded multiplicity series , and the identities for all determine as the coefficient of in the expansion of the graded character in the orthonormal basis of [F3]; setting recovers as the multiplicity of in , which is by step 4.1; this is assertion (3). The Hilbert-series specialization of step 2.1 at is .
Depends on
- The coinvariant algebra of a finite Weyl group
- The coinvariant algebra is a complete intersection with one-dimensional socle
- The harmonic complement of the coinvariant algebra
- Weyl coinvariant hilbert series has order w dimension
- Chevalley shephard todd for finite weyl groups
- The Axiom of Choice
- The irreducible complex characters form an orthonormal basis of $\mathrm{cf}(G)$
- A finite-dimensional representation $\rho:G\to \operatorname{GL}(V)$ over a field, and its degree
Used by
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Sources
- Wolfgang Soergel, Kategorie O, perverse Garben und Moduln ueber den Koinvarianten zur Weylgruppe, J. Amer. Math. Soc. 3 (1990) 421-445 (MPIM preprint 1989/46 full text) (standard reference, not scraped)
- Arthur Garnier, The classical theory of Soergel bimodules and the link with Lusztig's conjecture, Oberwolfach Arbeitsgemeinschaft note (2022) (standard reference, not scraped)