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DefinitionDefinition: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-generatedPipeline-generatedprecheck passverified 2026-11-05 (gpt-6.1-sol)
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Rectangular flat-torus string compactification data

Physical scope

Source-free, unwarped product compactifications with a rectangular flat internal torus. The scalar spectrum is the two-derivative minimally coupled Kaluza-Klein spectrum; the string momentum and winding sector is the kinematic finite product of the supplied free-circle data. No full interacting CFT, nonrectangular Narain, or general T-duality claim is made.

Definition

Assume the Axiom of Countable Choice. Let n≥1, let Ri∈(0,∞) be finite radii with units of length, and let θi∼θi+2π be dimensionless angular coordinates. Put SRi1:=R/(2πRiZ), represented by the physical coordinate yi=Riθi, and define the rectangular torus TRn:=∏i=1nSRi1 with internal line element dsn2=∑i=1nRi2(dθi)2. The internal metric is constant, diagonal, flat, and Riemannian. The external space is a Lorentzian d-manifold (Md,gμν) with signature (−,+,…,+), and the product background metric is dsd+n2=gμν(x)dxμdxν+dsn2, with no warp factor or moduli-dependent Weyl rescaling. The dilaton is a constant Φ0, the internal NS two-form B2 vanishes, and background field strengths and localized sources vanish.

For the minimally coupled scalar sector, define m02 as the external mass-squared parameter in the separated equation (□d+ΔTRn−m02)Φ=0, where □d:=gμν∇μ∇ν and ΔTRn:=div⁡grad⁡ is the nonpositive-sign Laplace–Beltrami operator. Use natural units c=ℏ=1, so Ri has dimension inverse mass and m0 has dimension mass. The coordinate characters χn(θ)=ei∑iniθi, n=(n1,…,nn)∈Zn, form the Fourier modes of this compact internal space. Their two-derivative Kaluza–Klein masses are mn2=m02+∑ini2/Ri2.

For the kinematic free closed-string product sector, use the single-circle data on each factor: for Xi≃Xi+2πRi, momentum ni∈Z and winding wi∈Z give pL,i=ni/Ri+wiRi/α′ and pR,i=ni/Ri−wiRi/α′, with α′>0 of dimension length squared. Let Ii be the single-circle orthonormal basis-label set from that data, including (ni,wi) and its finite-support left and right oscillator occupations. Define the product Hilbert space to be HR:=ℓ2(∏i=1nIi,C) with its coordinate orthonormal basis. For a tuple of labels, define hi:=α′pL,i2/4+NL,i and hˉi:=α′pR,i2/4+NR,i as in the single-circle data, and define the total product weights by h:=∑i=1nhi and hˉ:=∑i=1nhˉi. Thus the product convention means a finite product of independent circle basis sectors with additive left and right weight labels. It supplies no further OPE, sewing, modular-invariance, or interacting-string data. This product statement does not extend to off-diagonal metric or B-field moduli, the general Narain O(n,n;Z) action, or arbitrary T-duality transformations.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The direct product metric and scalar wave equation in the Definition, radii Ri>0, and the Axiom of Countable Choice.

[F1]

Flat torus model geometry: the quotient Rn/Zn with its constant Euclidean metric is a smooth, connected, boundaryless flat torus; the quotient map is a local isometry. Its statement assumes Countable Choice.

[F2]

The Fourier basis and Parseval's identity on the finite torus: assuming Countable Choice, the coordinate characters ek(x)=e2πik⋅x, k∈Zn, form a complete orthonormal basis of L2(Tn) for normalized Haar measure, where Tn=Rn/Zn.

[F3]

Kaluza–Klein product and warped reduction data (current carrier): fix D=d+n, a smooth Lorentzian external d-manifold Md, and a smooth compact boundaryless Riemannian internal n-manifold (Yn,g^). The current unwarped product ansatz is dsD2=gμν(x)dxμdxν+hmn(y)dymdyn. The carrier also defines a warped Einstein-frame ansatz and requires each reduction to declare periods, normalizations, frame, dilaton, moduli, sources, boundary conditions, and retained orders. It explicitly says these are ansatz data, not consequences of compactness or harmonicity; a harmonic-mode ansatz is not a consistency theorem. The relevant current hypotheses are smooth nondegenerate product metrics and a positive finite-volume Riemannian internal metric. Its current Step-1 row remains escalated and hash-stale: the recorded conventions-readiness gap is now closed, but its owner has not refreshed the row. The exact unwarped product clause consumed here is present.

[F4]

Compact Free String Circle Spectrum (current carrier and current batch-59 page placement; its current Step-1 record is ready): for a free closed-string coordinate X1∼X1+2πR on a flat Lorentzian cylinder, R>0, integer momentum n and winding w give pL=n/R+wR/α′ and pR=n/R−wR/α′. For left/right oscillator grades N,Nˉ∈Z≥0, the weights are h=α′pL2/4+N and hˉ=α′pR2/4+Nˉ, with level matching h−hˉ=nw+N−Nˉ=0 when other sectors are included consistently. Its hypotheses exclude B field, orbifold, interaction, defect, and backreaction and require additive other sectors. The current carrier contains a complete zero-mode normalization and level-matching verification.

[A1]

The Axiom of Countable Choice (ACω): for every sequence (Xj)j∈N of nonempty sets, there is a function f with f(j)∈Xj for every j. This is the exact Countable Choice assumption used by [F1] and [F2]; no full Axiom of Choice is used here.

[A2]

The scalar field is a smooth function on Md×TRn satisfying the minimally coupled product equation (□d+ΔTRn−m02)Φ=0. This specifies the scalar sector whose Kaluza–Klein masses are being computed; it is not a claim about every ten-dimensional field or a string-scale correction.

[A3]

The exact free-string datum here is the finite product Hilbert space HR=ℓ2(∏iIi) of the single-circle basis-label sets, with total weights h=∑ihi and hˉ=∑ihˉi. This is the kinematic product model for a diagonal internal metric and vanishing B2; it is not a definition or proof of a full interacting worldsheet CFT.

Proof

Given: [F1]–[F4], [A1]–[A2], the stated radii and coordinate periods, and the displayed product metric.

1.1F1F3givenalgebra

The map [θ]↦[θ/(2π)] identifies TRn as a smooth manifold with Rn/Zn. In angular coordinates its metric matrix is gij=Ri2δij and det⁡g=∏iRi is constant, so the coordinate formula Δf=(det⁡g)−1∂i(det⁡g gij∂jf) gives ΔTRn=∑iRi−2∂θi2. The coordinate quotient is compact: every class has a representative in [0,1]n, and the quotient map restricted to this compact cube is continuous and surjective. The constant rescaling of the flat quotient metric preserves this topology and zero curvature. This is the unwarped product case of [F3].

1.2F2A1algebra

Under xi=θi/(2π), χn(θ)=e2πin⋅x. By [F2] these characters are a complete orthonormal basis, and direct differentiation gives −ΔTRnχn=(∑ini2/Ri2)χn. Thus the integer labels give the complete scalar internal spectrum, with no missing non-Fourier modes.

2.1A2F2step 1.2algebra

For each n, define ϕn(x)=∫TRnΦ(x,θ)χn(θ)‾ dμ(θ) using normalized Haar measure. Multiply [A2] by χn‾ and integrate over the compact torus. Smoothness permits differentiation under this integral, and periodicity eliminates boundary terms; integration by parts moves ΔTRn onto χn. By step 1.2, the resulting coefficient equation is (□d−m02−∑ini2/Ri2)ϕn=0. Completeness in [F2] ensures that these Fourier coefficients exhaust the scalar modes. With the stated mostly-plus convention this is the Klein–Gordon equation of mass squared m02+∑ini2/Ri2.

3.1A3F4given∎

For each i, [F4] supplies the single-circle basis labels (ni,wi) and finite-support oscillator occupations, with the corresponding left/right weights. By [A3], a product basis vector is a tuple of those labels in ∏iIi, and its total weights are the explicit sums h=∑ihi and hˉ=∑ihˉi. Hence the product zero modes are labelled by (n,w)∈Zn×Zn and the total left/right weights add componentwise. This is the rectangular kinematic product-circle sector only; no full CFT, off-diagonal Narain lattice, or general O(n,n;Z) statement follows.

Remarks

Arvanitakis–Hohm–Hull–Lekeu use dimensionless coordinates of period 2π and the convention α′=2 in §4; Ginsparg's compact-boson convention is pL=m/(2r)+nr, pR=m/(2r)−nr. These are compatible with the current single-circle formula after the convention change R=2r, α′=2 and the momentum/winding label identification. The cited treatments support the circle data and torus scope, not a locally proved general Narain duality or a consistent truncation theorem.

The scalar Kaluza–Klein argument is complete conditionally on its displayed equation and mathematical suppliers. The free-circle carrier and its batch-59 page placement are current and its Step-1 record is ready. The exact unwarped product clause in the KK-ansatz carrier matches [F3], and no frame-conversion calculation is used. However, the current KK-ansatz Step-1 row remains escalated and is hash-stale: its recorded conventions prerequisite was missing then, while the conventions supplier now has a ready record. This batch does not overwrite that escalation; the item remains escalated until its owner refreshes the stale readiness record.

Depends on

Dependency tree · 2 levels

Sources