Alphabeta Math
LemmaStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generated
How statement and proof provenance work

The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.

  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
  • AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.

These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.

Absolute convergence of trace-Gibbs bounded correlation series

Statement

Assume the Axiom of Choice. Let H≠{0} be separable, K=K∗ a densely defined Hamiltonian bounded below with energy unit J, and β lie in an open interval I⊂(0,∞) measured in J−1 on which e−sK is trace class for every s∈I. Set Zβ=Tr⁡(e−βK), σβ=Zβ−1e−βK, and U(t)=e−itK/ℏ with ℏ>0 in J s and t in s. By Self-adjoint trace-Gibbs normalization and form-energy optimization, K has a complete orthonormal energy basis (ui), Kui=Eiui, with Gibbs weights ri=e−βEi/Zβ>0 and ∑iri=1. For bounded A,B, put Aij=⟨Auj,ui⟩, Bij=⟨Buj,ui⟩, and ωji=(Ej−Ei)/ℏ. Then CAB(t):=Tr⁡(σβU(t)∗AU(t)B)=∑i,jriAijBjie−iωjit converges absolutely and uniformly on R, with ∑i,jri∣Aij∣∣Bji∣≤∥A∥∥B∥. Consequently SAB:=2π∑i,jriAijBji δωji is a finite complex Borel measure with total variation at most 2π∥A∥∥B∥, and CAB(t)=(2π)−1∫e−iωt dSAB(ω). A Dirac measure δν assigns mass one to the point ν. When A,B carry units [A],[B], the atomic masses of the finite measure SAB have units [A][B]. For every smooth compactly supported complex-valued function φ:R→C, the distribution represented by SAB acts as ⟨SAB,φ⟩=∫Rφ(ω) dSAB(ω). In the Fourier convention, the generalized density SAB(ω) relative to dω has units [A][B] multiplied by seconds; it is a sum of Dirac distributions, not an ordinary function density.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The Axiom of Choice; the trace-class Gibbs hypotheses in the Statement; bounded operators A,B; and the specified ℏ and β.

[A1]

The Axiom of Choice: assume the full Axiom of Choice for the unbounded self-adjoint spectral theorem.

[F1]

Self-adjoint trace-Gibbs normalization and form-energy optimization: under [A1], self-adjoint K bounded below with e−sK trace class on an open positive interval has 0<Zβ<∞, a faithful normal Gibbs density, and a complete energy eigenbasis with eigenvalues e−βEi/Zβ.

[F2]

Trace-state cyclicity and spectral probability calculus: for a trace-class density σ and bounded X, Tr⁡(σX)=∑iri⟨Xui,ui⟩ with absolute convergence; bounded cyclicity holds only for the trace-class factor and bounded factor.

[F3]

Parseval equivalences for an orthonormal family: for a complete orthonormal basis (uj), ∑j∣⟨v,uj⟩∣2=∥v∥2.

[F4]

Hilbert-adjoint identities and The operator norm as the least bound and as the unit-sphere or unit-ball supremum: ∥A∗∥=∥A∥ and ∥Ax∥≤∥A∥∥x∥ for bounded operators.

[F5]

Cauchy–Schwarz: ∣⟨x,y⟩∣≤∥x∥ ∥y∥, with equality exactly for dependent pairs: for square-summable coefficient sequences, the absolute inner-product sum is bounded by the product of their ℓ2 norms.

Proof

technique · direct spectral expansion with an absolute-summability estimate

Given: [A1], [F1]–[F3], and the bounded matrices of the Statement.

1.1givenA1F1F3F4F5algebra

The eigenbasis and weights in the Statement are provided by [F1], and ∑iri=1 follows from Tr⁡σβ=1. For each fixed i, Parseval [F3] and [F4] give ∑j∣Aij∣2=∥A∗ui∥2≤∥A∥2 and ∑j∣Bji∣2=∥Bui∥2≤∥B∥2. By [F5] and summing the nonnegative bounds over i, ∑i,jri∣Aij∣∣Bji∣≤∥A∥∥B∥.

2.1givenF1F2step 1.1algebra

Apply [F2] to X=U(t)∗AU(t)B. Expanding the diagonal matrix element in the energy basis gives ⟨U(t)∗AU(t)Bui,ui⟩=∑je−i(Ej−Ei)t/ℏAijBji. The absolute bound from step 1.1 justifies the double sum and is independent of t; hence the series converges uniformly by the uniform tail bound and equals the stated trace correlation.

3.1givenstep 1.1step 2.1algebra∎

For each Borel set E⊆R, define SAB(E)=2π∑i,j: ωji∈EriAijBji. Absolute convergence from step 1.1 makes this finite and makes the sum countably additive: for disjoint En, each atom belongs to exactly one En, and the absolutely convergent series may be regrouped. The same bound gives total variation at most 2π∥A∥∥B∥. Integrating the bounded function e−iωt termwise, justified by that absolute sum, gives the stated Fourier relation.

Depends on

Dependency tree · 2 levels

Sources