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Complex splitting principle with integral injective pullback

Statement

Assume AC. Let E→B be a numerable complex rank-n bundle with n≥1 over a path-connected paracompact Hausdorff CW complex, and let q:Fl⁡(E)→B be its flag bundle, constructed from a Hermitian metric as in Complex flag bundle and Chern roots. Then q∗E=L1⊕L2⊕⋯⊕Ln with the tautological complex lines Li, and the pullback q∗:H∗(B;R)⟶H∗(Fl⁡(E);R) is injective for R=Z and for every field Fp.

Moreover, for finitely many numerable complex bundles E(1),…,E(m) over B there is a single CW-type base F→B over which every q∗E(j) splits as a sum of complex lines and for which the pullback H∗(B;R)→H∗(F;R) is injective for R=Z and every Fp.

Facts & Assumptions

[A1]

The Axiom of Choice is assumed, exactly as inherited from the numerable-bundle and projective-bundle suppliers (The Axiom of Choice).

[F1]

The flag bundle is built as an iterated projective bundle with tautological lines Li and q∗E=L1⊕⋯⊕Ln; its intermediate bases are compact-fiber numerable bundles over CW-type bases (Complex flag bundle and Chern roots).

[F2]

For a numerable complex bundle of rank m over a paracompact Hausdorff CGWH base of CW type the projective bundle P(E) has H∗(P(E);R) free over H∗(B;R) on 1,x,…,xm−1, and the same theorem covers the iterated CW-type bases (Integral complex projective bundle theorem).

[F3]

Totals of numerable bundles with compact Hausdorff fiber over paracompact Hausdorff bases are paracompact Hausdorff; over CGWH bases the totals are CGWH, and under CW-type hypotheses they retain CW type (Compact-fibre bundle totals preserve paracompactness, and CW type under CW-type hypotheses).

[F4]

The projective bundle of a numerable complex bundle is a fiber bundle with compact fiber CPm−1 over a CW base by Complex projective bundle and tautological complex line, and over a paracompact Hausdorff CGWH base of CW type by the explicit extension in Integral complex projective bundle theorem.

Proof

technique · direct

Given: AC, a numerable complex rank-n bundle E→B with n≥1 over a path-connected paracompact Hausdorff CW complex, a Hermitian metric on E, and a coefficient ring R equal to Z or a field Fp.

1.1F1F3given

Splitting. By [F1] the flag bundle is the iterated projective-bundle tower of E and its metric complements, and the tautological lines satisfy q∗E=L1⊕⋯⊕Ln. At each stage [F3] applies to the compact complex-projective fiber and the preceding paracompact Hausdorff CGWH CW-type base, so the next base again has all four properties required by [F2].

2.1F2F4step 1.1

Each stage has injective structure map. Consider one stage Bi→Bi−1 of the tower, the projective bundle of a numerable complex bundle of rank m≥1 over a CW-type base. By [F2] the cohomology H∗(Bi;R) is free over H∗(Bi−1;R) on the basis 1,x,…,xm−1; the structure homomorphism H∗(Bi−1;R)→H∗(Bi;R) is the map a↦p∗a, whose basis coordinates are (a,0,…,0), so it is injective.

2.2step 1.1

Splitting over the flag bundle is step 1.1, so the first two assertions hold.

3.1step 2.1

Injectivity of q∗. The map q∗:H∗(B;R)→H∗(Fl⁡(E);R) is the composite of the injective structure maps of the finitely many stages of step 2.1, hence injective.

3.2F1F2F3F4step 2.1

Finitely many bundles. Ignore the rank-zero bundles, whose pullbacks are already empty sums of lines. For each remaining bundle construct its flag tower over the original CW base B, where [F1] applies, and choose its metric once there. Now suppose Fj−1→B has been built, starting with F0=B. Pull the entire original flag tower for E(j) back over Fj−1, and let Fj be its top. Pullback of a projective stage is the projective bundle of the pulled-back vector bundle: the local identification is (b,[v])↦[b,v] and respects the linear transition maps. Its numeration pulls back with the original chart cover. Thus every stage is licensed by the CW-type extension [F2], without applying the CW-base definition [F1] anew on Fj−1. Inductively [F3] makes every base paracompact Hausdorff, CGWH, and of CW type. Each such stage has injective cohomology pullback by the module-basis argument of step 2.1. The original splitting is pulled back as an actual bundle isomorphism, so E(j) splits over Fj; earlier splittings persist under further pullback. Set F to the final stage. Finite composition gives the required injection simultaneously for all the stated coefficients. If every rank is zero or the family is empty, set F=B and use the identity map.

4.1A1F1step 3.1step 3.2∎

Boundary cases. For n=1 the tower has no projectivization and q is the identity of B, so q∗ is injective and q∗E=L1 with L1=E; the basis 1 is the trivial basis. For the empty family m=0 the assertion is vacuous with F=B. The coefficient rings Z and Fp are nonzero, and the main bundle has positive rank; if an empty base is allowed, all cohomology groups are zero and the injectivity assertion is immediate. No choice beyond the inherited numerability data of [A1] is used, and only finitely many metrics on the original bundles are used, then pulled back through their towers.

Source notes

Miller's Lecture 35 and May's Chapter 24 section 3 prove the splitting principle exactly in this form: the projective-bundle theorem makes each structure map an inclusion of a direct summand, and the iterated projectivization splits the bundle into lines. The integral and coefficientwise Fp injectivity are the strengthened statements the page uses for the mod-two comparison and for the uniqueness theorem; they are proved by the same projective-bundle theorem over each coefficient ring.

Depends on

Dependency tree · 2 levels

Sources