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Lipschitz stability of bounded Stokes pressure observations

Statement

Assume Countable Choice. Let d∈{2,3}, let D⊂Rd be a nonempty bounded connected Lipschitz open set, and let ν>0. Set V=H01(D;Rd) with ∥v∥V=∥∇v∥L2(D) and Q=L02(D) with the L2 norm. For each F∈V′, let (uF,pF)∈V×Q be the unique pair satisfying 2ν∫Dε(uF):ε(v) dx−∫DpF div⁡v dx=F(v)(v∈V),−∫Dq div⁡uF dx=0(q∈Q), where V′ is the continuous real dual of V and ε(u)=(∇u+∇uT)/2. Write Cdiv(D) for a finite constant in a bounded right inverse estimate div⁡BDq=q and ∥∇BDq∥L2(D)≤Cdiv(D)∥q∥L2(D) for q∈Q. For a positive integer m and bounded pressure sensors S1,…,Sm∈Q′, define O(F)=(S1(pF),…,Sm(pF))∈Rm. Then F↦pF and O are real-linear, and for all F,G∈V′ ∥O(F)−O(G)∥Rm≤3Cdiv(D)(∑j=1m∥Sj∥Q′2)1/2∥F−G∥V′, where Rm has its Euclidean norm.

Statement references

Guermond, MATH 661, Chapter 53, §§53.2.1–53.2.2, Lemma 53.9 and Theorem 53.11, weak formulation, divergence lifting, well-posedness and pressure stability.

Boffi–Brezzi–Fortin, Mixed Finite Element Methods and Applications, §§4.2.1–4.2.3, Example 4.2.2 and §8.2.1, pp. 225–229, 233–234, and 462–463, mixed Hilbert-space stability and Stokes pressure gauge.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: Countable Choice; d∈{2,3}; a nonempty bounded connected Lipschitz domain D; ν>0; the real spaces V=H01(D;Rd) and Q=L02(D) with the stated norms; a load in V′; and a finite family of bounded pressure sensors.

[A1]

Countable Choice is required by the weak Stokes solvability result used below. Weak Stokes solvability on bounded connected Lipschitz domains

[F1]

Weak Stokes solvability on bounded connected Lipschitz domains: for every F∈V′ there is a unique weak Stokes pair (uF,pF)∈V×Q, with mean-zero pressure.

[F2]

Weak Stokes solvability on bounded connected Lipschitz domains: the pressure estimate is ∥pF∥L2(D)≤3Cdiv(D)∥F∥V′.

[F3]

Divergence right inverse on bounded connected Lipschitz domains: Cdiv(D) is finite and independent of a finite-element mesh for the chosen bounded connected Lipschitz domain.

[F4]

Stokes velocity and pressure spaces and weak forms: the forms aν(u,v)=2ν∫Dε(u):ε(v) and b(v,q)=−∫Dq div⁡v are real-bilinear on the stated spaces.

[F5]

Bounded Stokes pressure sensors: each Sj is real-linear and ∣Sj(q)∣≤∥Sj∥Q′∥q∥L2(D) for q∈Q.

Proof

1.1givenA1F1F4algebra

For any a,b∈R and F,G∈V′, bilinearity in [F4] makes (auF+buG,apF+bpG) satisfy both weak equations with load aF+bG. Uniqueness in [F1] therefore gives paF+bG=apF+bpG; hence the pressure map and each sensor output are real-linear.

2.1A1F2F3step 1.1

Applying the pressure estimate in [F2] to F−G and using step 1.1 yields ∥pF−pG∥L2(D)=∥pF−G∥L2(D)≤3Cdiv(D)∥F−G∥V′. The constant is finite by [F3].

3.1F5step 2.1algebra∎

For each j, [F5] gives ∣Sj(pF−pG)∣2≤∥Sj∥Q′2∥pF−pG∥L2(D)2. Sum these finitely many inequalities, take square roots, and use step 2.1 to obtain the asserted Euclidean observation bound.

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