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Fourier transform acts continuously on Schwartz space
Statement
Assume countable choice. The negative-sign, -normalized Fourier transform is continuous , and
Facts & Assumptions
Given: Countable choice (The Axiom of Countable Choice ()) for the integral and integration-by-parts interfaces. Euler's formula and the sine/cosine derivatives give the derivative of (The derivatives of sine and cosine are cosine and minus sine, , , and ).
Polynomial multiplication and differentiation are continuous on Schwartz space (Basic operations are continuous on Schwartz space).
Every weighted Schwartz derivative is integrable with a finite-seminorm norm bound (Schwartz derivatives are integrable).
The integral Fourier transform is bounded continuous with supremum at most its input norm (The L1 transform is bounded and uniformly continuous).
Dominated convergence applies (Dominated convergence).
Absolute integrability permits Fubini (Fubini's theorem for L^1 functions on a sigma-finite product).
Whole-line complex integration by parts holds when both derivative products are integrable and the endpoint products vanish (Complex integration by parts on intervals and decaying lines).
Proof
The interval FTC for gives . Thus the difference quotient in frequency coordinate is dominated in absolute value by , integrable by [F2]. By [F4] its limit is . The convergence for arbitrary real increments follows either directly from the dominated estimate by truncating the majorant to a finite box and using uniform convergence there, or by the sequential criterion under the stated countable choice. The derivative is continuous by [F3]. Repeating for each weighted function, which remains Schwartz by [F1], proves all ordered derivatives and the second formula.
Fix the other coordinates and integrate in coordinate . For restricted to this line and , both and are integrable on the line: multiply by and use their bounded Schwartz seminorms. Also at both ends, since is bounded. [F6] therefore gives the derivative identity in that coordinate. Integrating over the other coordinates is legitimate by [F2] and [F5], since the full integrals of and are finite. Iteration using [F1] proves the first formula, including zero components of without division by them.
Combine the two identities to obtain By [F3], its supremum is at most . By [F2] and the explicit operation bounds in [F1], this is a finite linear combination of input Schwartz seminorms. Thus every output seminorm is finite, and the finite-neighbourhood definition proves continuity.
Depends on
Basic operations are continuous on Schwartz space
Schwartz derivatives are integrable
The L1 transform is bounded and uniformly continuous
Dominated convergence
Fubini's theorem for L^1 functions on a sigma-finite product
Complex integration by parts on intervals and decaying lines
The derivatives of sine and cosine are cosine and minus sine
, , and
The Axiom of Countable Choice ()