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Detection-code errors retain partial logical information
PDF p. 6: Detection-code bullet
Statement
Adopt the article's finite zero-temperature, equal-rate benchmark with fixed effective jump operators of Eq. (10) while adding the lift of Eq. (11); keep the same as varies. Retain the complete physical and choice hypotheses of the unlifted downward-jump supplier. Use initial states only in the single- detection code , .
Every single downward transition leaves the code manifold and is detectable by its value, but the code does not satisfy the pair-product correction conditions for these transitions. The two logical one-decay output spaces overlap only partially: the first spans , while the second also has a nonzero component. A detected decay therefore retains some logical information in the emitter. With channel-specific transpose recovery, writing , its finite-time fidelity satisfies Compared with the minimal code under the same fixed-jump channel parameters, lift, target and transpose recovery, its checking time is strictly longer for every target , including the article's . At target one both infima are zero; for both are infinite. No numerical figure reproduction is needed for this analytic comparison.
Facts & Assumptions
The detection code lies in the single manifold, with and , giving its specified isometry. J equals two detection encoding
Use the finite downward jump model and its complete bath, preparation, weak-Markov, tensor, regularity, spectral and choice hypotheses; at zero temperature its modeled jumps lower J by one. Canonical angular-momentum downward jumps
Use the effective coefficients , and fixed . Equal-rate rigid-rotor benchmark parameters Under these choices the scalar total-decay-operator result gives , where projects onto the retained blocks; hence every normalized excited state has total instantaneous downward rate . Normalized jumps give a scalar total decay operator
The prescribed diagonal lift has eigenvalue Delta Jm on |J,m>. Phenomenological angular-momentum degeneracy lift
In the same fixed-effective-jump benchmark the minimal code has transpose fidelity at every lift. Minimal-code decay detection without correction
For a target , checking time is the infimum of the times when the channel-specific transpose entanglement fidelity is strictly below that target. Operational checking time
Use channel-specific transpose recovery with the support inverse square root; off-support completion does not affect code noise outputs. Transpose (Petz) recovery on a code
Entanglement fidelity is evaluated on the maximally mixed logical input via its maximally entangled purification. Entanglement fidelity on a finite logical space
The local spin-two calculation gives the exact normalized one-jump actions and the distinct diagonal logical-basis output populations. Spin-two downward coefficients and detection-code output populations
The finite cascade decomposes the restricted noise into orthogonal sectors , where , , and . Here is an isometry, , and for the channel satisfies and , with and output order . Exact two-step equal-rate cascade restricted to the detection isometry
The one-decay channel has channel-specific transpose fidelity at least 3/8. A uniform transpose-fidelity bound for the one-decay channel
The full detection fidelity has a uniform positive-time margin: , , and is continuous. Orthogonal decay sectors yield a strict fidelity margin
The strict margin proves a strictly longer first checking time for every common target in (1/4,1), with the stated endpoint conventions. Strict first-threshold comparison from the cascade fidelity margin
Detection means PEP is scalar on the code; pair-product correction requires every PE dagger FP to be scalar, for the specified order-one error span. Order-one absorption–emission tensor error span
Exact correction of a finite Kraus channel on an isometric code requires all compressed Kraus pair products to be scalar multiples of its code projector. Exact recovery implies the Knill–Laflamme condition
A finite-dimensional channel has a finite Kraus family, and finite Kraus sums with normalized adjoint-product sum are channels. Finite channel, Kraus, Choi, and Stinespring equivalence
Assume full AC and retain the Countable Choice and Dependent Choice hypotheses of the physical model and its suppliers. The Axiom of Choice
Carry Countable Choice for the regulated-bath and integration interfaces. The Axiom of Countable Choice (AC_ω)
Carry Dependent Choice of the atomic-jump supplier. The axiom of dependent choice: a relation in which every element is related to something admits an ℕ-indexed chain
Every completely positive map between finite matrix spaces has a finite Kraus representation, including trace-decreasing maps. Kraus and Choi characterizations of complete positivity
Use finite coordinate columns, compatible rectangular matrix products, bras, outer products and conjugate-transpose adjoints in the specified orthonormal bases. Finite operator and ket conventions
For the encoding isometry , the code projector is and the restricted noise is , where . Exact correction means that a decoder composed with this restricted channel is the identity logical channel; a code-supported physical recovery gives such a decoder. Code restriction and decoded channel types
Proof
Given: The detection and minimal encodings under the same fixed-effective-jump equal-rate benchmark and lift, with channel-specific transpose recovery.
Goal: Establish detected but uncorrectable single decays, partial retained information and the justified checking-time comparison.
A downward jump from lands in , orthogonal to every code vector, so and a measurement flags that transition. The normalized -to- matrices are the of [F9], multiplied by under [F2]–[F3]. Their actions give error spaces from and the full from . In particular the logical restriction of is , which is not scalar. Thus the single-error detection condition holds while the pair-product correction condition fails. The two diagonal one-decay output populations differ, so they retain logical-basis information rather than replacing both inputs by the same state.
The source-stated fixed-jump model uses while retaining the same ; this is the physical modeling input explicitly stated after Eq. (11), not a consequence of the lift postulate alone. The scalar loss identity in [F3] restricts to on both and and is unchanged by this Hamiltonian-only lift. On , these matrices and the detection isometry are exactly those in [F10]. No higher can be reached from this single- input by the diagonal Hamiltonian or downward jumps. The orthogonal-sector calculation [F10]–[F12] therefore gives , for every real within the stipulated effective model. This argument derives neither the microscopic accuracy of retaining jumps nor the article's accompanying relative-amplitude estimate.
Fix and write and . Since the two input projectors are and , [F10] gives and . Thus the conditional one-decay probability of magnetic label zero is zero for and for , and . By [F20], has a finite Kraus representation; since it is a channel, [F16] permits choosing a finite family representing it with . Put and . Then and . Expanding these finite sums gives , since the trace of is . Hence some is nonzero, so that pair product is not scalar. This uses the stated channel outputs, without subtracting any asserted component from a time integral.
Include each in the output block by its isometric inclusion . The finite family , , , represents the full logical-input restricted channel in [F10]. The sector weights are nonnegative and sum to one; the family's adjoint-product sum is consequently , using and . Its one-decay pair products are , because . Since , step 2.1 supplies a pair with a nonzero off-diagonal logical entry. Applying [F15] to this finite restricted channel with the identity isometry on rules out exact recovery. Exact correction of the original physical code would give a decoder for this same restricted channel, so it too is impossible at every finite .
The first term of the bound in step 1.2 is precisely the minimal-code fidelity in [F5]. For every finite positive time the extra term is positive. The continuous-fidelity strict-crossing lemma [F13] therefore applies to the same threshold convention as [F6], and proves strictly longer checking time when , including . The same lemma gives equality of the two zero infima at target one and the two infinite values for . This comparison is an analytic consequence of the fixed-jump benchmark, not a claim to have reproduced the plotted numerical curves.
Source notes
The original claim is attributed to the detection-code bullet on PDF p.6 and the comparison discussion and Fig.3 on p.4. The fixed-jump premise is explicit on PDF p.3 after Eq.(11); the Fig.2 caption on p.4 also identifies the channel generated by the lifted Hamiltonian and the same jumps. These are physical model specifications. The local five-lemma chain proves a uniform checking-time comparison under that specification and supplies a finite-time analytic bound. It does not derive a microscopic lift-independent spectral amplitude, verify a small-lift relative-error estimate, reproduce a numerical figure, or assert an observation. The comparison is restricted to the displayed single-J encodings and common effective rate. The checking-time comparison uses the defined target domain : target one has both infima zero, and has both infinite. This qualification records the threshold convention rather than reporting an original-article defect; the article compares the high target 0.9999.
Depends on
- J equals two detection encoding
- Canonical angular-momentum downward jumps
- Equal-rate rigid-rotor benchmark parameters
- Normalized jumps give a scalar total decay operator
- Phenomenological angular-momentum degeneracy lift
- Minimal-code decay detection without correction
- Operational checking time
- Transpose (Petz) recovery on a code
- Entanglement fidelity on a finite logical space
- Spin-two downward coefficients and detection-code output populations
- Exact two-step equal-rate cascade restricted to the detection isometry
- A uniform transpose-fidelity bound for the one-decay channel
- Orthogonal decay sectors yield a strict fidelity margin
- Strict first-threshold comparison from the cascade fidelity margin
- Order-one absorption–emission tensor error span
- Exact recovery implies the Knill–Laflamme condition
- Finite channel, Kraus, Choi, and Stinespring equivalence
- The Axiom of Choice
- The Axiom of Countable Choice (AC_ω)
- The axiom of dependent choice: a relation in which every element is related to something admits an ℕ-indexed chain
- Kraus and Choi characterizations of complete positivity
- Finite operator and ket conventions
- Code restriction and decoded channel types
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Sources
- Monolithic Quantum Error Correction in the Presence of Distinguishability · PDF p.6 detection-code bullet and Fig.4; PDF p.4 code-comparison paragraph and Fig.3
- Monolithic Quantum Error Correction in the Presence of Distinguishability — fixed-jump model input · PDF p.3 Eq.(10), equal-rate benchmark, Eq.(11) and following paragraph; PDF p.4 Fig.2 caption