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Detection-code errors retain partial logical information

PDF p. 6: Detection-code bullet

Statement

Adopt the article's finite zero-temperature, equal-rate benchmark with fixed effective jump operators of Eq. (10) while adding the lift of Eq. (11); keep the same γ>0 as Δ varies. Retain the complete physical and choice hypotheses of the unlifted downward-jump supplier. Use initial states only in the single-J=2 detection code a=(∣2,−2⟩+∣2,2⟩)/2, b=∣2,0⟩.

Every single downward transition leaves the code manifold and is detectable by its J value, but the code does not satisfy the pair-product correction conditions for these transitions. The two logical one-decay output spaces overlap only partially: the first spans ∣1,±1⟩, while the second also has a nonzero ∣1,0⟩ component. A detected decay therefore retains some logical information in the emitter. With channel-specific transpose recovery, writing x=γt, its finite-time fidelity satisfies FD(t)≥1+3e−x4+xe−x8. Compared with the minimal code under the same fixed-jump channel parameters, lift, target and transpose recovery, its checking time is strictly longer for every target 1/4<F0<1, including the article's F0=0.9999. At target one both infima are zero; for 0<F0≤1/4 both are infinite. No numerical figure reproduction is needed for this analytic comparison.

Facts & Assumptions

[F1]

The detection code lies in the single J=2 manifold, with a=(∣2,−2⟩+∣2,2⟩)/2 and b=∣2,0⟩, giving its specified isometry. J equals two detection encoding

[F2]

Use the finite downward jump model and its complete bath, preparation, weak-Markov, tensor, regularity, spectral and choice hypotheses; at zero temperature its modeled jumps lower J by one. Canonical angular-momentum downward jumps

[F3]

Use the effective coefficients f(J)=(2J+1)/(2J−1), ηJ=J(J+1) and fixed γ>0. Equal-rate rigid-rotor benchmark parameters Under these choices the scalar total-decay-operator result gives ∑δ=−11Lδ†Lδ=γPexc, where Pexc projects onto the retained J≥1 blocks; hence every normalized excited state has total instantaneous downward rate γ. Normalized jumps give a scalar total decay operator

[F4]

The prescribed diagonal lift has eigenvalue Delta Jm on |J,m>. Phenomenological angular-momentum degeneracy lift

[F5]

In the same fixed-effective-jump benchmark the J=1 minimal code has transpose fidelity (1+3exp⁡(−γt))/4 at every lift. Minimal-code decay detection without correction

[F6]

For a target F0∈(0,1], checking time is the infimum of the times when the channel-specific transpose entanglement fidelity is strictly below that target. Operational checking time

[F7]

Use channel-specific transpose recovery with the support inverse square root; off-support completion does not affect code noise outputs. Transpose (Petz) recovery on a code

[F8]

Entanglement fidelity is evaluated on the maximally mixed logical input via its maximally entangled purification. Entanglement fidelity on a finite logical space

[F9]

The local spin-two calculation gives the exact normalized one-jump actions and the distinct diagonal logical-basis output populations. Spin-two downward coefficients and detection-code output populations

[F10]

The finite cascade decomposes the restricted noise into orthogonal sectors p0WtXWt†⊕p1Ct(X)⊕p2Tr⁡(X)∣g⟩⟨g∣, where x=γt, p0=e−x, p1=xe−x and p2=1−(1+x)e−x. Here Wt is an isometry, g=∣0,0⟩, and for t>0 the channel Ct satisfies Ct(I2)=2I3/3 and Ct(Z)=diag⁡(1/3,−2/3,1/3), with Z=diag⁡(1,−1) and output order m=−1,0,1. Exact two-step equal-rate cascade restricted to the detection isometry

[F11]

The one-decay channel has channel-specific transpose fidelity at least 3/8. A uniform transpose-fidelity bound for the one-decay channel

[F12]

The full detection fidelity has a uniform positive-time margin: FD(t)≥(1+3exp⁡(−x))/4+xexp⁡(−x)/8, x=γt, and is continuous. Orthogonal decay sectors yield a strict fidelity margin

[F13]

The strict margin proves a strictly longer first checking time for every common target in (1/4,1), with the stated endpoint conventions. Strict first-threshold comparison from the cascade fidelity margin

[F14]

Detection means PEP is scalar on the code; pair-product correction requires every PE dagger FP to be scalar, for the specified order-one error span. Order-one absorption–emission tensor error span

[F15]

Exact correction of a finite Kraus channel on an isometric code requires all compressed Kraus pair products to be scalar multiples of its code projector. Exact recovery implies the Knill–Laflamme condition

[F16]

A finite-dimensional channel has a finite Kraus family, and finite Kraus sums with normalized adjoint-product sum are channels. Finite channel, Kraus, Choi, and Stinespring equivalence

[F17]

Assume full AC and retain the Countable Choice and Dependent Choice hypotheses of the physical model and its suppliers. The Axiom of Choice

[F18]

Carry Countable Choice for the regulated-bath and integration interfaces. The Axiom of Countable Choice (AC_ω)

[F20]

Every completely positive map between finite matrix spaces has a finite Kraus representation, including trace-decreasing maps. Kraus and Choi characterizations of complete positivity

[F21]

Use finite coordinate columns, compatible rectangular matrix products, bras, outer products and conjugate-transpose adjoints in the specified orthonormal bases. Finite operator and ket conventions

[F22]

For the encoding isometry V, the code projector is P=VV† and the restricted noise is N∘Ad⁡V, where Ad⁡V(X)=VXV†. Exact correction means that a decoder composed with this restricted channel is the identity logical channel; a code-supported physical recovery gives such a decoder. Code restriction and decoded channel types

Proof

Given: The detection and minimal encodings under the same fixed-effective-jump equal-rate benchmark and lift, with channel-specific transpose recovery.

Goal: Establish detected but uncorrectable single decays, partial retained information and the justified checking-time comparison.

1.1F1F2F3F9F14F21F22algebra

A downward jump from J=2 lands in J=1, orthogonal to every code vector, so PLδP=0 and a J measurement flags that transition. The normalized J=2-to-J=1 matrices are the Bδ of [F9], multiplied by γ under [F2]–[F3]. Their actions give error spaces span⁡{∣1,−1⟩,∣1,1⟩} from a and the full span⁡{∣1,−1⟩,∣1,0⟩,∣1,1⟩} from b. In particular the logical restriction of B0†B0 is diag⁡(0,2/3), which is not scalar. Thus the single-error detection condition holds while the pair-product correction condition fails. The two diagonal one-decay output populations differ, so they retain logical-basis information rather than replacing both inputs by the same state.

1.2givenF1F2F3F4F10F11F12F17F18F19F22algebra

The source-stated fixed-jump model uses HS+HΔ while retaining the same Lδ; this is the physical modeling input explicitly stated after Eq. (11), not a consequence of the lift postulate alone. The scalar loss identity in [F3] restricts to γI on both V2 and V1 and is unchanged by this Hamiltonian-only lift. On J≤2, these matrices and the detection isometry are exactly those in [F10]. No higher J can be reached from this single-J input by the diagonal Hamiltonian or downward jumps. The orthogonal-sector calculation [F10]–[F12] therefore gives FD(t)≥(1+3e−γt)/4+γte−γt/8, for every real Δ within the stipulated effective model. This argument derives neither the microscopic accuracy of retaining jumps nor the article's accompanying relative-amplitude estimate.

2.1F10F16F20F21step 1.2algebrachoose

Fix t>0 and write A=Ct(∣0⟩⟨0∣) and B=Ct(∣1⟩⟨1∣). Since the two input projectors are (I2+Z)/2 and (I2−Z)/2, [F10] gives A=diag⁡(1/2,0,1/2) and B=diag⁡(1/6,2/3,1/6). Thus the conditional one-decay probability of magnetic label zero is zero for a and 2/3 for b, and Tr⁡(AB)=1/6. By [F20], Ct has a finite Kraus representation; since it is a channel, [F16] permits choosing a finite family Kr:C2→V1 representing it with ∑rKr†Kr=I2. Put ur=Kr∣0⟩ and vr=Kr∣1⟩. Then A=∑rurur† and B=∑svsvs†. Expanding these finite sums gives Tr⁡(AB)=∑r,sTr⁡(urur†vsvs†)=∑r,s∣ur†vs∣2=1/6, since the trace of u(u†v)v† is (u†v)(v†u). Hence some ⟨0∣Kr†Ks∣1⟩=ur†vs is nonzero, so that pair product is not scalar. This uses the stated channel outputs, without subtracting any asserted component from a time integral.

3.1F1F10F15F16F21F22step 1.2step 2.1algebra

Include each Kr in the V1 output block by its isometric inclusion ι1. The finite family p0Wt, p1ι1Kr, p2∣g⟩⟨0∣, p2∣g⟩⟨1∣ represents the full logical-input restricted channel in [F10]. The sector weights are nonnegative and sum to one; the family's adjoint-product sum is consequently (p0+p1+p2)I2=I2, using Wt†Wt=I2 and ∑rKr†Kr=I2. Its one-decay pair products are p1Kr†Ks, because ι1†ι1=IV1. Since p1=γte−γt>0, step 2.1 supplies a pair with a nonzero off-diagonal logical entry. Applying [F15] to this finite restricted channel with the identity isometry on C2 rules out exact recovery. Exact correction of the original physical code would give a decoder for this same restricted channel, so it too is impossible at every finite t>0.

4.1F5F6F7F8F12F13step 1.2algebra∎

The first term of the bound in step 1.2 is precisely the minimal-code fidelity in [F5]. For every finite positive time the extra term is positive. The continuous-fidelity strict-crossing lemma [F13] therefore applies to the same threshold convention as [F6], and proves strictly longer checking time when 1/4<F0<1, including 0.9999. The same lemma gives equality of the two zero infima at target one and the two infinite values for 0<F0≤1/4. This comparison is an analytic consequence of the fixed-jump benchmark, not a claim to have reproduced the plotted numerical curves.

Source notes

The original claim is attributed to the detection-code bullet on PDF p.6 and the comparison discussion and Fig.3 on p.4. The fixed-jump premise is explicit on PDF p.3 after Eq.(11); the Fig.2 caption on p.4 also identifies the channel generated by the lifted Hamiltonian and the same jumps. These are physical model specifications. The local five-lemma chain proves a uniform checking-time comparison under that specification and supplies a finite-time analytic bound. It does not derive a microscopic lift-independent spectral amplitude, verify a small-lift relative-error estimate, reproduce a numerical figure, or assert an observation. The comparison is restricted to the displayed single-J encodings and common effective rate. The checking-time comparison uses the defined target domain F0∈(0,1]: target one has both infima zero, and 0<F0≤1/4 has both infinite. This qualification records the threshold convention rather than reporting an original-article defect; the article compares the high target 0.9999.

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