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LemmaStatement: AI-generatedProof: AI-generated
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The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.

  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
  • AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.

These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.

Well-defined strip norm and the action of a common endpoint operator

Statement

Assume AC. Let (X0,X1) and (Y0,Y1) be compatible complex Banach couples: the two members of each couple are continuously linearly injected into a common Hausdorff topological vector space, with possibly different ambient spaces for the two couples. Give X0+X1 the sum norm inf⁡x=x0+x1(∥x0∥X0+∥x1∥X1), and give Y0+Y1 the analogous sum norm.

On the closed strip 0≤Re⁡z≤1, let F(X0,X1) consist of bounded sum-continuous functions, norm-holomorphic inside, with continuous Xj boundary values tending to zero as ∣Im⁡z∣→∞, and give it the maximum of the two boundary suprema. For 0<s<1, the space of values f(s), with the infimum of this boundary norm, is a well-defined Banach space [X0,X1]s. The same construction and conclusions apply to (Y0,Y1).

Let T:X0+X1→Y0+Y1 be one complex-linear map, with T(Xj)⊆Yj and finite bounds Mj≥0 satisfying ∥Tx∥Yj≤Mj∥x∥Xj for x∈Xj, j=0,1. Then f↦T∘f maps F(X0,X1) into F(Y0,Y1), and the same map T restricts to a bounded operator satisfying ∥T∥[X0,X1]s→[Y0,Y1]s≤M01−sM1s.

In particular, let E:X0+X1→Y0+Y1 and P:Y0+Y1→X0+X1 be single complex-linear maps with E(Xj)⊆Yj, P(Yj)⊆Xj and finite bounds aj,bj≥0 such that ∥Ex∥Yj≤aj∥x∥Xj and ∥Py∥Xj≤bj∥y∥Yj for every x∈Xj, y∈Yj, j=0,1. If PE=IX0+X1, their restrictions give bounded maps E:[X0,X1]s→[Y0,Y1]s and P:[Y0,Y1]s→[X0,X1]s with PE=I[X0,X1]s. Thus this endpoint retraction/coretraction pair remains such a pair after interpolation.

External input

Reference 0, §2 before §2.1 (PDF pp.4–6), supplies the compatible-couple, admissible-operator and retraction conventions. Its §2.2 (PDF pp.9–10) states that the specified strip-function class is Banach in its maximum boundary norm, gives the vector-valued strip maximum inequality, and states the exact interpolation theorem for admissible maps between two compatible couples. These abstract facts are imported; the sum and evaluation quotient arguments and the applications to the specified common maps below are local compositions. No exterior extension result is included in this input.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The hypotheses of the Statement and the independently cited external contracts.

[F1]

Assume the Axiom of Choice The Axiom of Choice; in particular its countable and dependent instances are available.

[F2]

Banach space fixes complex Banach completeness; A bounded linear operator between normed spaces fixes a common complex-linear map and its endpoint bounds.

[F3]

A quotient of a Banach space by a closed subspace is Banach applies to a closed kernel in a Banach space; AC supplies its Countable Choice hypothesis.

[F4]

Reference 0, §2 before §2.1 (PDF pp.4–6), supplies the compatible-couple, admissible-operator and retraction conventions. Its §2.2 (PDF pp.9–10) states that the specified strip-function class is Banach in its maximum boundary norm, gives the vector-valued strip maximum inequality, and states the exact interpolation theorem for admissible maps between two compatible couples. These abstract facts are imported; the sum and evaluation quotient arguments and the applications to the specified common maps below are local compositions. No exterior extension result is included in this input.

[F5]

Topological vector spaces over the real and complex fields defines the ambient topological vector spaces, the continuity of addition and scalar multiplication, and the separate Hausdorff hypothesis used for each compatible couple.

Proof

Given: The hypotheses and data in the Statement.

Goal: Prove the conclusions in the statement under its stated hypotheses.

1.1F1F2F3F5given

The finite product X0⊕1X1 is Banach: a Cauchy sequence has Cauchy coordinates and coordinate limits, and the sum of their distances tends to zero. In the ambient topological vector space the map (x0,x1)↦x0+x1 is continuous by continuity of the injections and addition. Hausdorffness makes {0} closed, so its inverse image, the kernel of this map, is closed. The quotient theorem therefore makes the stated sum norm a genuine complete norm on the algebraic sum. The endpoint injections into the sum are contractive. Applying the same argument to (Y0,Y1) gives its Banach sum and contractive endpoint injections.

2.1F1F3F4step 1.1

The imported strip theorem makes F(X0,X1) Banach. Its vector strip maximum inequality, applied in the sum norm, gives ∥f(s)∥X0+X1≤∥f∥F(X0,X1) because endpoint injections into the sum are contractive. Thus evaluation has closed kernel. The quotient theorem applied to this kernel proves that its image with the infimum norm is Banach, independent of the choice of interpolating strip function, and the displayed evaluation bound makes its injection into the sum continuous and definite. This verifies the asserted definition rather than assuming its infimum is automatically a norm. The identical argument for (Y0,Y1) establishes its interpolation space and continuous injection into its sum.

3.1F2F4step 2.1algebra

The specified common endpoint operator is bounded on the sums: for each decomposition x=x0+x1, ∥Tx∥Y0+Y1≤M0∥x0∥X0+M1∥x1∥X1, so infimizing gives a bound max⁡(M0,M1) on the sum. It therefore maps a strip function to a bounded sum-continuous norm-holomorphic function, since bounded linear maps preserve norm limits and difference quotients. Endpoint continuity and decay are preserved by the endpoint bounds. For positive bounds M0,M1 apply this to g(z)=(M0/M1)z−sTf(z). Both boundary norms are at most M01−sM1s∥f∥F(X0,X1), while g(s)=Tf(s). Taking the infimum over f proves the bound. If one bound is zero, use Mj+ε and let ε↓0.

4.1F2step 2.1step 3.1algebra∎

Apply step 3.1 to the maps E:X0+X1→Y0+Y1 and P:Y0+Y1→X0+X1 from the Statement, using their respective endpoint bounds aj and bj and swapping source and target couples for P. Their restrictions are bounded on the asserted interpolation spaces. For every x∈[X0,X1]s⊆X0+X1, the assumed sum identity gives P(Ex)=x. Because these are the same maps restricted to the interpolation spaces, this is exactly PE=I[X0,X1]s. This proves the retraction assertion without replacing either endpoint map.

Source notes

The abstract strip Banach/maximal inequality is the explicit external input in reference 0. The quotient and common-operator applications are locally composed; no source proof reconstruction is claimed.

Depends on

Used by · 7

Dependency tree · 2 levels

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External dependencies

J. C. Bellido and G. García-Sáez, Bessel Potential Spaces and Complex Interpolation: Continuous embeddings, arXiv:2503.04310v6 · PDF pp.4–6, §2 before §2.1 (compatible couples, admissible operators, retractions); §2.2, PDF pp.9–10 (closed-strip class, Banach boundary norm, vector-valued strip maximum inequality and exact operator bound).

For compatible complex Banach couples, the decaying closed-strip class with its maximum boundary norm is Banach. Bounded continuous Banach-valued functions holomorphic inside the strip satisfy the boundary-maximum bound. The complex interpolation functor is exact of exponent s for 0<s<1 and common bounded endpoint operators. An admissible operator is one linear map between the sums with bounded restrictions to the corresponding endpoints; a retraction pair consists of two such maps whose composition is the identity on the retracted sum.

Hypotheses: Each couple consists of complex Banach spaces continuously linearly injected into its own common Hausdorff topological vector space. Strip functions are bounded and sum-continuous on the closed strip, norm-holomorphic inside, with endpoint-norm continuous boundary values decaying at imaginary infinity. The parameter satisfies 0<s<1. Operator and retraction maps are single complex-linear maps on the sums with finite corresponding endpoint bounds; for the retraction conclusion their composition is the identity on the retracted sum.

Reading limits: Inspected the relevant v6 PDF passages on pp.4–6 and §2.2, pp.9–10, for the compatible-couple, admissible-operator and retraction conventions, strip-class Banach property, vector maximum inequality and exact interpolation statement. These abstract facts are imported, not reconstructed. No reading of the cited original interpolation books or proof reconstruction is claimed. Whole-space Bessel, Bochner and exterior-extension assertions are not imported by this lemma.

Sources