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LemmaStatement: AI-generatedProof: AI-generated
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  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
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Simultaneous Sobolev extension and localization

Statement

Assume AC. For a bounded smooth domain G there is one linear extension EG, agreeing with the input on G, bounded Hs(G)→Hs(Rn) for every 0≤s≤2, with output supported in a fixed compact neighborhood. Here Hs(G) is the restriction of the Bessel-potential space with quotient norm. In this range [L2(G),H2(G)]s/2=Hs(G) with equivalent norms. Finite smooth boundary charts, cutoffs and restriction give the same order-0-to-2 Sobolev localization/retraction for a smooth exterior domain (a bounded collar plus a free-space tail).

Here the whole-space Hs(Rn) uses the weighted Fourier distribution convention, Hs(G) is its restriction quotient, and a retraction/coretraction pair consists of bounded linear maps J,P with PJ=I. Complex interpolation is over complex scalars. For a compatible complex Banach couple (X0,X1), give X0+X1 the sum norm ∥x∥X0+X1=inf⁡x=x0+x1(∥x0∥X0+∥x1∥X1). On S={z∈C:0≤Re⁡z≤1}, the bounded-strip class Fb(X0,X1) consists of bounded, sum-norm continuous functions f:S→X0+X1 that are norm-holomorphic in the interior and whose boundary maps t↦f(j+it) are bounded and continuous in the Xj norm, j=0,1. Give this class the boundary norm ∥f∥Fb=max⁡j=0,1sup⁡t∈R∥f(j+it)∥Xj. For 0<θ<1, [X0,X1]θ consists of the values f(θ), with norm inf⁡f(θ)=u∥f∥Fb. At θ=0,1, the brackets denote the respective endpoint spaces with their given norms, rather than endpoint evaluation quotients. In this Hilbert setting the claimed Sobolev identifications include equivalence of norms.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The hypotheses and conventions of the Statement.

[F1]

Assume the Axiom of Choice The Axiom of Choice; in particular its countable and dependent instances are available.

[F2]

A compactly supported common L²/H² extension from a bounded smooth domain constructs one EG on L2(G) and weak W2,2(G) with rGEG=I and output in a fixed compact subset of a chosen neighborhood.

[F3]

Whole-space interpolation of one extension–restriction operator interpolates the one whole-space map EGrG and infimizes over ambient extensions; Restriction-quotient interpolation from a common endpoint retraction gives the domain interpolation/quotient identity with equivalent norms, including equivalence of the integer weak endpoint.

[F4]

A common exterior extension and explicit collar–tail retraction constructs one exterior endpoint extension and the explicit compatible J,P maps with PJ=I and two-sided collar/tail norm equivalence through order two.

[F5]

Well-defined strip norm and the action of a common endpoint operator supplies the compatible complex Banach-couple sum and the decaying strip class Fd(X0,X1): it has exactly the regularity and boundedness conditions of Fb in the Statement and additionally ∥f(j+it)∥Xj→0 as ∣t∣→∞, j=0,1. Its norm is the same maximum boundary norm. The quotient/interpolation supplier in F3 uses this decaying class. The comparison with the bounded class is proved locally below.

Proof

Goal: Establish every assertion of the Statement under the stated hypotheses.

Given: The hypotheses and data in the Statement.

1.1F2F3given

For bounded smooth G, take the common compactly supported endpoint extension from the first fact. It is defined already on L2(G) and is bounded at the second weak-derivative endpoint. The whole-space Er lemma therefore applies with D=G: for each 0≤s≤2 and each ambient Hs extension F of u, EGu=(EGrG)F and ∥EGu∥Hs≤Cs∥F∥Hs. The value is independent of F because it is the original L2 map applied to u. Infimizing gives the bounded quotient extension for every order. Its support remains in the same fixed compact set because the formula on positive-order inputs is unchanged.

1.2F5givenconstructalgebra

For any compatible complex Banach couple, denote the evaluation norms from Fb and Fd by Nb and Nd. Fix 0<θ<1, f∈Fb and ε>0, and put fε(z)=exp⁡(ε(z−θ)2)f(z) and cθ=max⁡{θ2,(1−θ)2}. For z=x+it∈S, the scalar factor has modulus exp⁡(ε((x−θ)2−t2))≤exp⁡(εcθ)exp⁡(−εt2). Multiplication by this entire scalar function preserves sum-norm continuity and norm-holomorphy: the latter follows directly from the product difference quotient. The displayed bound preserves boundedness on S and makes each continuous Xj boundary map decay in its endpoint norm. Hence fε∈Fd, fε(θ)=f(θ), and ∥fε∥Fd≤eεcθ∥f∥Fb. Thus the two classes have identical sets of values at θ. The inclusion Fd⊆Fb gives Nb(u)≤Nd(u), while the damped representatives give Nd(u)≤eεcθNb(u) after infimizing over all f representing u. Letting ε↓0 proves Nd(u)=Nb(u). No convergence of fε in either strip norm is needed.

2.1F2F3F5step 1.1step 1.2

For 0<s<2, apply the quotient/interpolation lemma with θ=s/2. Its decaying-strip interpolation space is Hs(G) with equivalent norms; step 1.2 identifies that evaluation space isometrically with the bounded-strip convention of the Statement. At s=0,2 the brackets are the specified endpoint spaces, and the endpoint identifications are supplied directly by F2 and F3, without an endpoint strip-evaluation argument. Quotient completeness, definiteness and independence of the chosen ambient extension are supplied by the whole-space Er lemma in F3. Consequently the domain interpolation identity and the common extension have precisely the asserted restriction-quotient meaning.

3.1F3F4step 1.1step 2.1∎

For the smooth exterior domain, use the final helper’s bounded collar G=Ω∩BL, its finite-reflection collar extension and its independently justified identity tail. That helper proves the common L2/W2,2 endpoint bounds and then applies the same whole-space and quotient arguments; it also gives explicit maps J,P with PJ=I and equivalent collar/tail norms for each 0≤s≤2. Thus both the bounded compact-output assertion and the exterior localization/retraction in the Statement hold in exactly the restriction-quotient Bessel convention.

Source notes

Five local intermediate items supply the second-order reflection, common compact bounded-domain extension, whole-space Er interpolation, quotient/interpolation retraction, and exterior collar/free-tail construction. The exact existing half-space weak matching and authored spectral interpolation interfaces are used; no Rychkov theorem or unread external extension theorem is cited. This is an authoring candidate, not an independent proof or scaffold review.

Depends on

Used by · 8

Dependency tree · 2 levels

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