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Coherent derived étale sections for the constant and Tate coefficients

PDF p. 6: Singular Beilinson–Lichtenbaum comparison

Statement

Assume the Axiom of Choice and the compatible nested-universe bounds for schemes, sites, complexes and coherent presheaves. Fix a prime p, put S=Spec⁡Z[1/p], and let C be the size-bounded category of qcqs S-schemes used for the big cdh site. Enlarge the bounds to choose an auxiliary big étale site B=(Sch/S)et containing these schemes, the field scheme U=Spec⁡k below, their small étale sites and the required slice. Use the small étale sites induced by B in this construction. This auxiliary site is used to construct presheaves; it does not replace the cdh topology.

For V∈C there are coherent contravariant functors E0(V)=RΓet(V,Z/p) and E3(V)=RΓet(V,μp⊗3) with values in the enhanced derived category D(Z). Coefficients are the constant étale sheaf and the ordinary tensor cube over that constant ring sheaf, respectively. For either coefficient write MV for its sheaf on the small étale site of V. Their arrows are the actual derived pullback maps: for f:W→V, use exact small-site inverse image, the canonical coefficient map cf:fet−1MV→MW, and derived sections. The construction is functorial in coefficient morphisms and compatible with restriction to the schemes over U.

If k is a field in which p is invertible and ζ∈k has order p, the coefficient isomorphism 1↦ζ⊗3 induces a coherent natural equivalence j∗E0→j∗E3 on C/U. Its inverse is induced by the inverse coefficient isomorphism. Here j forgets the map to U; no chosen-root transformation on the ambient S-category is asserted.

Facts & Assumptions

[A1]

The Axiom of Choice is used for the functorial K-injective resolutions in source reference 2. Universe existence is a separate assumption; enlarge the compatible bounds to contain B, B/U and their complexes. The Axiom of Choice and The actual big cdh slice over a field supply the Choice, universe, qcqs category, slice and coherent-presheaf conventions.

[F1]

Derived global sections on a scheme site supplies abelian sheaves, K-injectivity and derived evaluation into abelian complexes. Source references 1–3 supply, respectively, K-injectivity after small-site restriction, functorial resolutions, and K-injectivity after restriction to a slice. Source reference 5 supplies the homotopy-equivalence criterion for quasi-isomorphisms between K-injectives. All resolutions here are in abelian sheaves, equivalently modules over the constant integer sheaf.

[F2]

Source reference 0 supplies the auxiliary big étale site, exact inverse-image restriction rVM to Vet with (rVM)(W/V)=M(W/S), and the transition maps cf and their composition identity. Source reference 4 supplies exact small-site inverse image and its adjunction. These are distinct from a false general interchange of inverse image with restriction.

[F3]

Scheme sites and sheafification supplies sheafification and its locally represented sections. Roots of unity and étale Tate twists supplies the constant ring, roots of unity, sheaf tensor construction and their restrictions. Use these same constructions on B: sheafify the constant Z/p presheaf and the presheaf of units u with up=1, then sheafify the sectionwise tensor cube over the constant ring sheaf. Call the resulting abelian sheaves M0 and M3. All restriction homomorphisms come from pullback of regular functions and tensor factors.

[F4]

Roots of unity and étale Tate twists supplies the chosen-root coefficient isomorphism on the small étale site of every k-scheme, without a qcqs hypothesis, under the stated field and root assumptions. A chosen root trivializes the actual Tate coefficient on the slice supplies its pullback-compatible family on the qcqs slice C/U. External input on derived enhancements supplies the enhanced target D(Z) and the functor-category universal property of localization, including natural transformations. Thus localizing a strict presheaf of complexes gives a coherent presheaf.

External input

The imported inputs are the big/small site and transition constructions in Stacks, §34.4, the abelian K-injective restriction theorem 59.99.1, functorial resolution and evaluation in §21.19, slice restriction 21.20.1, exact inverse image in §59.36, and the K-injective comparison in §13.31. Source references 0–5 record their hypotheses and reading limits. The coherent presheaf construction and its chosen-root application below are local compositions of these facts, not a single imported theorem.

Proof

Given: p,S,C,B, Choice and the stated enlarged bounds; for the root assertion also k,ζ,U,j as stated.

Goal: Construct both ambient derived-section presheaves and the actual natural coefficient equivalence on the slice.

1.1A1F1F2F3F4construct

Construct M0,M3 by [F3]. For any scheme V represented in B, an étale object over V has the same étale covering families and further covering refinements whether computed in Vet or in B (with the cofinal covering convention of [F2]). Consequently the locally represented-section construction of sheafification commutes with restriction here, including the sheafifications defining the tensor cube. Thus rVM0=Z/p‾V and rVM3=μp,V⊗3 canonically, with their actual coefficient restrictions. Choose functorially M[0]→I(M) on B by [A1, F1]. For either coefficient set CM(V)=I(M)(V); its maps are the restriction chain maps I(M)(f). This is a strict contravariant functor to complexes, functorial in M. By [F1, F2], rVI(M) is a K-injective resolution of rVM, and I(M)(V)=(rVI(M))(V) computes its small-site derived sections. For f:W→V, apply [F2]'s transition construction degreewise to this resolution. The square over cf:fet−1rVM→rWM commutes, and fet−1 is exact. Its right adjoint fet,∗ preserves K-injectives: maps from an acyclic complex into fet,∗I identify, including cochain homotopies, with maps from its acyclic inverse image into I, and are therefore nullhomotopic. The adjoint transition rVI(M)→fet,∗rWI(M) thus computes rVM→Rfet,∗rWM. Evaluation at V gives I(M)(V)→I(M)(W) by the pushforward formula in [F2]. The canonical derived pullback followed by the coefficient map is therefore represented by the restriction chain map I(M)(f). Composition of these maps holds already on complexes, by the transition identity in [F2]. Localization into the enhanced target of [F4] retains the full diagram and coefficient transformations, producing E0,E3 with the asserted actual pullbacks.

2.1A1F1F2F3F4step 1.1∎

Restrict the two big sheaves and their resolutions to B/U. By [F1, F2] these remain resolutions by K-injectives, and their evaluation diagrams are exactly the restricted ambient diagrams. On this big slice the locally defined rule 1↦ζ⊗3 gives a morphism M0∣U→M3∣U: pullback of the base-field section preserves the formula and the sheaf tensor relations. For every object (X→U) of B/U, the coefficient identifications in step 1.1, applied to the underlying scheme X, identify the restriction of this morphism to Xet with 1↦ζ⊗3 between the constant sheaf Z/p and μp,X⊗3. The chosen-root assertion of Roots of unity and étale Tate twists in [F4] applies to every such k-scheme X, including those that are not qcqs: p is invertible in k and ζ has order p, and the induced small sites have the open restrictions and covering refinements used in that construction by [F2]. Thus every one of these small-site morphisms is an isomorphism. Evaluating at the terminal object X/X of each small site shows that every component of the big-sheaf morphism is an isomorphism. The componentwise inverses are natural, by the naturality equations for the original morphism, so they define an inverse big-sheaf morphism. On the qcqs subcategory C/U, the same formula is the pullback-compatible coefficient family of A chosen root trivializes the actual Tate coefficient on the slice in [F4]. Apply a functorial resolution J on B/U to these two inverse morphisms. It gives inverse maps between the evaluation diagrams of J(M0∣U) and J(M3∣U). To compare with the ambient resolutions, use the natural zigzags I(M)∣U→J(I(M)∣U)←J(M∣U). Both arrows are quasi-isomorphisms between K-injectives: the first is the resolution map and the second comes from the original resolution by functoriality and the natural quasi-isomorphisms to J. By [F1] they are homotopy equivalences and remain so after evaluation at any object. These are zigzags of entire evaluation diagrams on the slice. By [F4] they give coherent natural equivalences to the restricted ambient diagrams j∗E0,j∗E3. Transport the root transformation of the J-models and its inverse through these equivalences. This constructs the asserted transformation between the restricted ambient diagrams without an ambient coefficient morphism. The same comparison applied to two choices of functorial resolution proves independence up to coherent natural equivalence; all maps just constructed are the derived maps computed in step 1.1.

Depends on

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External dependencies

The Stacks Project, big and small étale sites · Definitions 34.4.6 and 34.4.8; Lemmas 34.4.7, 34.4.13 and 34.4.16–18; Lemma 34.4.20, statement and forward construction through the composition identity.

A big étale site can contain prescribed schemes. Restriction to each small site is inverse image and evaluates on the same objects. Big-site base change is restriction to a slice. A big sheaf has small-site transition maps from inverse images, satisfying composition.

Hypotheses: Schemes in a chosen big étale site. Use a site containing the size-bounded S-schemes and the required small sites and slices, in enlarged universes.

Reading limits: Read these definitions, the covering-refinement proof, the restriction and base-change formulas and their proofs, and the statement and forward proof of 34.4.20 in the served text during this turn. Import the site-existence and topos foundations. Do not infer the general inverse-image/restriction interchange explicitly excluded after 34.4.17. Tags were not revision-pinned.

The Stacks Project, Lemma 59.99.1 · Lemma 59.99.1(2)(a), with (1)(a) and both proofs.

Restriction of a K-injective abelian-sheaf complex on a big étale site to the small étale site of any object remains K-injective.

Hypotheses: A scheme S and an object V of its big étale site. Apply to abelian sheaves, not structure-sheaf modules.

Reading limits: Read the complete lemma and both proofs, including the structure-sheaf-module counterexample, during this turn. Import the cited exact-adjoint results. Apply only to abelian sheaves; exclude structure-sheaf modules.

The Stacks Project, Cohomology of unbounded complexes · Section 21.19, opening paragraph, additive-functor clause (2), computation formula and object-sections example (2), before Lemma 21.19.1.

K-injective resolutions of ringed-site complexes can be chosen functorially. Right derived additive evaluation is computed on such a resolution.

Hypotheses: A ringed site in fixed universes and additive evaluation into an abelian category. Use the constant integer sheaf to treat abelian sheaves; retain Choice for the resolution construction.

Reading limits: Read the opening of Section 21.19 through its object-sections example during this turn. Import functorial resolution existence and derived-functor foundations; do not claim their reconstruction.

The Stacks Project, Lemma 21.20.1 · Lemma 21.20.1, full statement and one-line proof.

Restriction of a K-injective module complex to the localization of a ringed site at an object is K-injective.

Hypotheses: A ringed site and one of its objects. Apply with constant integer coefficients to the big étale site and U.

Reading limits: Read the full statement and exact-left-adjoint proof during this turn. Import the referenced adjoint construction; apply with the constant integer sheaf.

The Stacks Project, Inverse image on small étale sites · Definition 59.36.1 and Lemma 59.36.2(1), with the proof of (1)–(2).

Small-site inverse image is left adjoint to direct image and is exact on abelian sheaves.

Hypotheses: Any scheme morphism, with the corresponding small étale topoi.

Reading limits: Read Definition 59.36.1, all assertions of Lemma 59.36.2 and its proof during this turn. Use only the inverse-image adjunction and abelian exactness. Import general topos machinery; use no proper or smooth base-change theorem.

The Stacks Project, K-injective complexes · Definition 13.31.1, Lemma 13.31.2 and the proof of Lemma 13.31.7.

Maps into a K-injective complex in the homotopy and derived categories agree; a quasi-isomorphism between K-injectives is a homotopy equivalence.

Hypotheses: An abelian category and K-injective target complexes; for the second assertion both complexes are K-injective.

Reading limits: Read Definition 13.31.1, Lemma 13.31.2 with its proof, and Lemma 13.31.7 with its proof during this turn. Import resolution existence separately; do not reconstruct localization foundations.

Sources