How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
One nonempty parameter open gives smooth-locus avoidance and transversality
PDF p. 15: Theorem6.7: rank-three Bertini functional
Statement
In the preceding setting with normal of dimension at most three, there is a nonempty Zariski open such that the zero scheme of every parameter over any field extension whose point factors through avoids and has invertible derivative at every zero in . In particular has a -rational parameter. On a pure threefold the forbidden incidence over the singular locus has dimension at most ; with lower-dimensional components permitted it has dimension at most .
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The actual universal family on , with as defined above, retaining the Axiom of Choice assumed by its first-jet construction.
Goal: Choose a parameter meeting both requirements simultaneously, without characteristic-zero generic smoothness or an assumed dominant projection.
The Axiom of Choice is inherited from the first-jet family in [F2] and the nontransverse-incidence supplier in [F3]. It is used there for affine global generation; the subsequent dimension and open-complement argument makes no additional arbitrary choice. The Axiom of Choice
Normal affine threefolds have controlled nonsmooth strata gives , or in pure dimension three.
Coordinate multiples of dual generators span all first jets gives value generation on . Finite-dimensional families of generated bundle functionals identifies incidence and all its base changes; Kernels of surjections of vector bundles makes the value kernel a rank- bundle, also after restriction to .
The scheme of nontransverse zero jets has small dimension bounds by . Image closures, product dimensions and rational closed points use External finite-type dimension, rational-point and etale-fiber inputs.
Proof
Under [A1], use the given family of [F2]. The zero-incidence scheme over is the total space of the kernel of the surjection . Indeed local splitting identifies its equations with three independent parameter coordinates set to zero. Its dimension is at most , and in pure dimension three it is at most . This is a scheme dimension bound even when is singular.
By [F3], the closures of the images of and in have dimension at most . Their union is a proper closed subset of the irreducible -dimensional affine space . Let be its complement. It is nonempty and has a closed -rational point by the Jacobson/residue-field assertion in [F3]. Thus the parameter exists over the original field, not merely over an unspecified extension.
By definition of those image closures, their open complement has empty inverse image in and . This remains true after any field extension. Therefore every corresponding zero lies in with nonzero derivative determinant. This controls actual incidence schemes and all geometric zeros. No generic-smoothness assertion from the total dimension of is used, and no dominance of is required for this conclusion. The next lemma identifies its actual fibers over , including its generic fiber.
Depends on
- Normal affine threefolds have controlled nonsmooth strata
- Coordinate multiples of dual generators span all first jets
- The scheme of nontransverse zero jets has small dimension
- Finite-dimensional families of generated bundle functionals
- Kernels of surjections of vector bundles
- External finite-type dimension, rational-point and etale-fiber inputs
- The Axiom of Choice
Dependency tree · 3 levels
Arrows run from prerequisites to the items that use them. External source nodes link directly to the cited text. The view shows up to three dependency steps; open a prerequisite to continue.