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One nonempty parameter open gives smooth-locus avoidance and transversality

PDF p. 15: Theorem6.7: rank-three Bertini functional

Statement

In the preceding setting with X normal of dimension at most three, there is a nonempty Zariski open T∘⊂T such that the zero scheme of every parameter over any field extension whose point factors through T∘ avoids D=X∖W and has invertible derivative at every zero in W. In particular T∘ has a k-rational parameter. On a pure threefold the forbidden incidence over the singular locus has dimension at most N−2; with lower-dimensional components permitted it has dimension at most N−1.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The actual universal family on X, with W,D as defined above, retaining the Axiom of Choice assumed by its first-jet construction.

Goal: Choose a parameter meeting both requirements simultaneously, without characteristic-zero generic smoothness or an assumed dominant projection.

[A1]

The Axiom of Choice is inherited from the first-jet family in [F2] and the nontransverse-incidence supplier in [F3]. It is used there for affine global generation; the subsequent dimension and open-complement argument makes no additional arbitrary choice. The Axiom of Choice

[F1]

Normal affine threefolds have controlled nonsmooth strata gives dim⁡D≤2, or ≤1 in pure dimension three.

[F2]

Coordinate multiples of dual generators span all first jets gives value generation on X. Finite-dimensional families of generated bundle functionals identifies incidence and all its base changes; Kernels of surjections of vector bundles makes the value kernel a rank-(N−3) bundle, also after restriction to D.

[F3]

The scheme of nontransverse zero jets has small dimension bounds B by N−1. Image closures, product dimensions and rational closed points use External finite-type dimension, rational-point and etale-fiber inputs.

Proof

1.1A1F1F2F3

Under [A1], use the given family of [F2]. The zero-incidence scheme ID over D is the total space of the kernel of the surjection ODN→E∣D. Indeed local splitting identifies its equations with three independent parameter coordinates set to zero. Its dimension is at most dim⁡D+N−3≤N−1, and in pure dimension three it is at most N−2. This is a scheme dimension bound even when D is singular.

2.1F3step 1.1

By [F3], the closures of the images of ID and B in T have dimension at most N−1. Their union is a proper closed subset of the irreducible N-dimensional affine space T. Let T∘ be its complement. It is nonempty and has a closed k-rational point by the Jacobson/residue-field assertion in [F3]. Thus the parameter exists over the original field, not merely over an unspecified extension.

3.1F2F3step 2.1∎

By definition of those image closures, their open complement has empty inverse image in ID and B. This remains true after any field extension. Therefore every corresponding zero lies in W with nonzero derivative determinant. This controls actual incidence schemes and all geometric zeros. No generic-smoothness assertion from the total dimension of IW is used, and no dominance of IW→T is required for this conclusion. The next lemma identifies its actual fibers over T∘, including its generic fiber.

Depends on

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