How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
Bezout fails on the affine plane because points at infinity are missing
Statement refuted
False claim: for two plane curves of degrees , the number of affine intersection points counted with multiplicity equals .
Facts & Assumptions
Given: AC The Axiom of Choice, affine coordinates on with , , the affine lines and , and their projective closures , in .
and are square-free linear forms, so and are plane projective curves of degree one, with no common component; each is a line Plane projective curves and their components.
The affine parts of and are the parallel lines and , which are disjoint in ; hence the count of affine intersection points counted with multiplicity is : and cannot hold simultaneously since .
The projective closures meet in the point : solving and gives with , i.e. , a point at infinity of the affine chart ; in the chart the local ideal is , so its quotient is the residue field , of length one projective space points, Local intersection multiplicity of two plane curves.
Bezout for the two projective lines gives , realised at the single point at infinity Bezout's theorem for plane projective curves.
Counterexample
The affine zero sets and are disjoint, so the affine intersection count is .
The projective closures meet at with multiplicity one, and their total projective intersection, counted with multiplicity, is by Bezout.
Hence the affine count is strictly smaller than ; the missing contribution is exactly the point at infinity, so Bezout cannot be formulated on the affine plane without adding the points at infinity.
Depends on
- A line meets a degree-d curve in d points counted with multiplicity
- The Axiom of Choice
- Local intersection multiplicity of two plane curves
- Plane projective curves and their components
- projective space points
- Bezout's theorem for plane projective curves
- Symmetry, additivity and local nature of intersection multiplicity
Used by
Nothing in the library uses this result yet.
Dependency tree · two levels
45 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- William Fulton, Algebraic Curves: An Introduction to Algebraic Geometry (2008 electronic edition; Internet Archive copy of the author's PDF) (standard reference, not scraped)
- Michael Artin, MIT 18.721 Notes for a Course in Algebraic Geometry (January 26, 2022 version), Chapter 1 (standard reference, not scraped)