Alphabeta Math
CounterexampleConstruction: Literature-sourcedVerification: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-6.1-sol)
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  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
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Bezout fails on the affine plane because points at infinity are missing

Statement refuted

False claim: for two plane curves of degrees d,e, the number of affine intersection points counted with multiplicity equals de.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: AC The Axiom of Choice, affine coordinates (x,y) on A2⊂P2 with x=x1/x0, y=x2/x0, the affine lines V(x) and V(x−1), and their projective closures C1=V(x1), C2=V(x1−x0) in P2.

[F1]

x1 and x1−x0 are square-free linear forms, so C1 and C2 are plane projective curves of degree one, with no common component; each is a line Plane projective curves and their components.

[F2]

The affine parts of C1 and C2 are the parallel lines x=0 and x=1, which are disjoint in A2; hence the count of affine intersection points counted with multiplicity is 0: x=0 and x=1 cannot hold simultaneously since 0≠1.

[F3]

The projective closures meet in the point [0:0:1]: solving x1=0 and x1−x0=0 gives x0=x1=0 with x2≠0, i.e. [0:0:1], a point at infinity of the affine chart x0=1; in the chart x2=1 the local ideal is (x1,x1−x0)=(x0,x1), so its quotient is the residue field k, of length one projective space points, Local intersection multiplicity of two plane curves.

[F4]

Bezout for the two projective lines gives ∑pIp(C1,C2)=1⋅1=1, realised at the single point at infinity Bezout's theorem for plane projective curves.

Counterexample

1.1F2given

The affine zero sets V(x) and V(x−1) are disjoint, so the affine intersection count is 0.

1.2F1F3F4given

The projective closures meet at [0:0:1] with multiplicity one, and their total projective intersection, counted with multiplicity, is de=1 by Bezout.

2.1step 1.1step 1.2F3given∎

Hence the affine count 0 is strictly smaller than de=1; the missing contribution is exactly the point at infinity, so Bezout cannot be formulated on the affine plane without adding the points at infinity.

Depends on

Used by

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Dependency tree · two levels

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Sources