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The Mobius core circle has no integral oriented self-intersection but mod two data survives
Statement refuted
An integral oriented self-intersection number cannot be defined for every compact submanifold without orientability hypotheses. Assume AC and let be the smooth Möbius line bundle over . Its total space is the open Möbius band and its zero section is the core circle. The normal bundle and the ambient total space are nonorientable, so the untwisted integral oriented self-intersection of The self-intersection number of a complementary-dimensional oriented submanifold is unavailable. Nevertheless This does not exclude Euler classes with coefficients twisted by the orientation local system; it excludes the untwisted integral number asserted by the refuted claim.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: AC, the explicit quotient bundle , and its zero section .
Smooth vector bundles are described by fibre-linear local charts and smooth transition matrices (Smooth vector bundles, rank, fibres, and trivial bundles, Vector bundle charts and transition functions).
The quotient circle is (The circle as with basepoint ).
The first Stiefel–Whitney class vanishes exactly for orientable bundles (The first Stiefel–Whitney class classifies orientability).
The mod-two self-intersection of a compact boundaryless submanifold is the top normal Stiefel–Whitney evaluation (The mod two self-intersection is the top Stiefel-Whitney evaluation).
The untwisted integral construction requires orientations of the ambient manifold and submanifold, inducing the normal orientation (The self-intersection number of a complementary-dimensional oriented submanifold).
Counterexample
The quotient has local charts obtained by lifting base intervals of length less than one to ; on overlaps the lifted base coordinates differ by an integer and the fibre changes by . These charts are smooth and fibre-linear, so [F1] gives a line bundle over the smooth quotient circle. The chart maps are homeomorphisms because their integer translates have open saturation and are disjoint over each lifted interval. Distinct base points are separated by the Hausdorff quotient circle, and distinct points over one base point are separated in a bundle chart; thus the total space is Hausdorff. Rational-endpoint lifted base intervals and fibre intervals give a countable base. The image of covers , making it compact. Its interval charts have integer-translation transitions, so its zero section is a compact boundaryless embedded circle. Along it , so the normal quotient is . A two-arc presentation has transition on one overlap component and on the other; putting on both components would instead be a trivial bundle.
Nonorientability. An orientation pulled back to the connected covering would be a continuous sign , hence constant, but the deck change requires , a contradiction. The total-space deck map has determinant ; the same argument on its connected covering plane proves that the total space is nonorientable. Thus [F3] gives .
For the function obeys and therefore defines a smooth section of . Its zeros are all integers, which give exactly one point of ; its vertical derivative there is in a lifted chart. Its graph is a small push-off of the zero section and meets it transversely once, so . By [F4] this equals , without assuming an unproved cohomology computation or using a rank-one projective fibre-generator claim.
The orientation obstruction in step 2.1 violates [F5], so no untwisted integral oriented self-intersection is defined by that construction. Changing a local fibre trivialization can reverse a local zero sign, and there is no continuous global choice making all such signs consistent. The ambiguity is not merely a single overall sign for an arbitrary finite zero set. Modulo two every local sign is one and step 2.2 gives the invariant count. AC is inherited from [F3]–[F4]; the explicit quotient and section use no extra choice.
Depends on
- The mod two self-intersection is the top Stiefel-Whitney evaluation
- The self-intersection number of a complementary-dimensional oriented submanifold
- Normal push-off zeros are the self-intersection points
- The mod 2 intersection number
- The mod-two Euler class is the top Stiefel–Whitney class
- The first Stiefel–Whitney class classifies orientability
- Stiefel–Whitney classes from the projective-bundle relation
- Real projective bundle and tautological line
- Tautological degree-one class on a real projective bundle
- The tautological degree-one class is well defined and fiber generating
- Mod-two cohomology ring of infinite real projective space
- The circle as $S^1=\mathbb R/\mathbb Z$ with basepoint $[0]$
- Smooth vector bundles, rank, fibres, and trivial bundles
- Vector bundle charts and transition functions
- The self-intersection number is the Euler number of the normal bundle
- The Axiom of Choice
Used by
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Sources
- Victor Guillemin and Alan Pollack, Differential Topology (Prentice-Hall, 1974; complete 236-page PDF) (standard reference, not scraped)
- John W. Milnor and James D. Stasheff, Characteristic Classes (Princeton University Press, 1974; complete PDF) (standard reference, not scraped)
- Ralph L. Cohen, Bundles, Manifolds, and Homotopy (author draft bookR4) (standard reference, not scraped)