How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
For , every Euclidean closed ball and every Euclidean sphere of positive radius is compact
Statement
For , , and , the Euclidean closed ball and Euclidean sphere are compact.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: , , and .
The sets and are respectively the points satisfying and (Euclidean spheres and closed balls as subspaces of ).
The Euclidean norm is continuous and satisfies (The finite and reverse triangle inequalities for a norm; and for every norm on satisfies and is Lipschitz, hence continuous, for ).
The Euclidean compactness theorem identifies compactness with closedness and boundedness (For a nonempty subset of with , compactness, closedness and boundedness, pseudocompactness, and attainment of extrema by every continuous real-valued function are equivalent).
Euclidean open sets are the metric-open sets, and metric boundedness means containment in a ball (The metric topology: a set is open when every one of its points has a ball around it inside the set; closed means open complement, Bounded subset, diameter, distance from a point to a set, and distance between two sets in a metric space).
Proof
Both sets are bounded: lies in the ball of radius about , and .
The complement of is open: if , then the ball about of radius stays in the complement by [L2].
The complement of is open: if , then a ball about of radius avoids the sphere by [L2].
Thus both sets are closed and bounded, hence compact by [L3].
Depends on
- Euclidean spheres and closed balls as subspaces of $\mathbb{R}^n$
- For a nonempty subset of $\mathbb{R}^n$ with $n\ge1$, compactness, closedness and boundedness, pseudocompactness, and attainment of extrema by every continuous real-valued function are equivalent
- The finite and reverse triangle inequalities for a norm; and for $n \ge 1$ every norm $N$ on $\mathbb{R}^n$ satisfies $N(x) \le C\lVert x\rVert_1$ and is Lipschitz, hence continuous, for $d_2$
- The metric topology: a set is open when every one of its points has a ball around it inside the set; closed means open complement
- Bounded subset, diameter, distance from a point to a set, and distance between two sets in a metric space
Used by
- Ball Poisson integrals converge uniformly along radial boundary approaches Corollary
- ℝⁿ is locally compact and σ-compact Corollary
- Sphere self-maps are homotopic exactly when their degrees agree Corollary
- The constructed classical solutions are locally determined by the Cauchy data Corollary
- Outward dilation defeats subcritical inclusion and homogeneous Poincare on Euclidean space Counterexample
- Poincare-Wirtinger fails on disconnected bounded domains Counterexample
- The W^1,p→ L^q bound fails for q>p^* by dilation Counterexample
- John domains and the John constant Definition
- Spherical means and the weighted ball integral of space-dependent data Definition
- A circle is the boundary of a disk Example
- A point source produces a uniform expanding sphere Example
- Compactness and Liouville distinguish the three models Example
- Maps from even projective space to the sphere use mod-two degree Example
- Newton shell theorem from harmonic mean values Example
- Signed points give the oriented zero-bordism invariant Example
- The Euclidean closed ball and sphere worked through the compactness equivalence chart Example
- The pair of pants is a cobordism realizing addition of circles Example
- Two unoriented points bound an interval Example
- Bishop gromov volume ratio is nondecreasing under a ricci lower bound False statement
- The laplace beltrami definition licenses the use of all euclidean harmonic function theory on manifolds False statement
- A compact free affine plane quotient comes from a rank-two lattice Lemma
- Ball means and sphere means are related by a radial derivative Lemma
- Cap and complement estimate for the ball Poisson integral Lemma
- Coordinate balls form a basis of a topological manifold Lemma
- Cylinders give reflexivity of cobordism Lemma
- Differentiating an integral with moving endpoints Lemma
- Every integer is realized by a map to the sphere Lemma
- Failure of the supersolution test for the lower envelope allows a local bump Lemma
- Finiteness, superlinearity of the Lagrangian and localisation of Hopf--Lax near-minimisers Lemma
- Global cubic minimizers, admissible inexact steps, and cubic Cauchy decrease Lemma
- Global geodesic-polar coordinates from a boundary point on a simple manifold Lemma
- Mean-zero Poincare estimate on bounded connected extension domains below the dimension Lemma
- Polynomial traces, monomial basis and bounded evaluation for the ball Hardy space Lemma
- Relatively compact coordinate balls and half-balls form a boundary-manifold basis Lemma
- Removing a compact chart disc gives a Greenian surface Lemma
- Riemannian Green identity, boundary trace, and wave lifting Lemma
- Smoothness of the Bergman kernel and positivity of its diagonal on bounded domains Lemma
- Smoothness, parity and zero-radius limits of spherical means Lemma
- Sphere integrals of a cylindrical function project to weighted ball integrals Lemma
- Spherical harmonic modes are orthogonal, complete for continuous data, and have polynomial evaluation bounds Lemma
…and 27 more results.
Dependency tree · two levels
47 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Heine-Borel theorem (standard reference, not scraped)