How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
Finite-CW real bundles have orthogonal complements under AC
Statement
Assume AC. If is a finite CW complex and is any finite-rank real vector bundle, then is isomorphic to a subbundle of a finite trivial bundle and has an orthogonal vector-bundle complement.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: ZF+AC, a finite CW complex (meaning a CW complex with finitely many cells), and a finite-rank real vector bundle .
A CW complex is Hausdorff and is built from closed disks by characteristic maps (CW complex with closure finiteness and weak topology).
Every compact topological space is paracompact (Every compact space is paracompact).
Under AC and DC, every open cover of a paracompact Hausdorff space admits a locally finite subordinate partition of unity (Under choice and dependent choice, every open cover of a paracompact Hausdorff space admits a locally finite subordinate partition of unity).
AC implies the prescribed-initial-point form of DC (AC supplies the dependent-choice instances used in vector-bundle constructions).
A finite numerated real vector bundle over a compact Hausdorff base embeds in a finite trivial bundle and has its standard orthogonal complement (A numerated real bundle embeds in a finite trivial bundle).
Proof
If is empty, the claim is vacuous; assume it is nonempty. Each closed cell of is the continuous image of a closed disk and hence compact. Since there are finitely many cells, is a finite union of compact closed-cell images, so it is compact; [F1] gives Hausdorffness.
By [F2] and step 1.1, is paracompact and Hausdorff. The bundle's local trivializations form an open cover of . Compactness gives a finite subcover. Apply [F3] to this cover: its AC and DC hypotheses hold because AC is given and [F4] derives DC. The resulting locally finite partition has only finitely many nonzero members: choose for each point a neighborhood meeting finitely many supports, then take a finite subcover of those neighborhoods by compactness; the union of the finite index sets is finite. Thus the chart subcover and partition give a finite numeration.
Apply [F5] to this finite numeration. It supplies a fiberwise-linear embedding and the subbundle orthogonal to its image in the standard Euclidean metric. The fiberwise orthogonal direct sum is the whole trivial bundle, so . AC is used to obtain the partition in [F3] and, through [F4], to discharge its DC hypothesis in step 2.1.
Depends on
- A numerated real bundle embeds in a finite trivial bundle
- CW complex with closure finiteness and weak topology
- Under choice and dependent choice, every open cover of a paracompact Hausdorff space admits a locally finite subordinate partition of unity
- AC supplies the dependent-choice instances used in vector-bundle constructions
- The Axiom of Choice
- Every compact space is paracompact
Used by
Dependency tree · two levels
18 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- M. F. Atiyah, K-Theory (lectures, notes by D. W. Anderson, 1967), with K-Theory and Reality reprint (standard reference, not scraped)
- Max Karoubi, Lectures on K-theory, ICTP Lecture Notes (2004) (standard reference, not scraped)
- Jost-Hinrich Eschenburg and Bernhard Hanke, Bott–Thom isomorphism, Hopf bundles and Morse theory (2021) (standard reference, not scraped)