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Graded bimodule maps classify shift-compatible transformations

Statement

Let k be a field, A,B graded k-algebras and M,M′ graded (B,A)-bimodules. The map η⟼ηA, read through the unit isomorphisms TM(A)=M⊗AA≅M and TM′(A)≅M′, is a k-linear bijection Nat⁡coh(TM,TM′)→ ≅ Hom⁡B-A(M,M′) onto the degree-zero (B,A)-bimodule maps, with inverse f↦f⊗1. In particular a coherent transformation between graded tensor functors is determined by its component on the regular module A; that component is automatically degree-zero and right A-linear, and conversely every degree-zero bimodule map induces one and only one coherent transformation. For A=B=k concentrated in degree zero the coherent endomorphisms of the identity functor are the scalars k, and no larger family satisfies the equivariance square.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A field k, graded k-algebras A,B, graded (B,A)-bimodules M,M′, a coherent transformation η:TM⇒TM′ and a degree-zero (B,A)-bimodule map f:M→M′.

[L1]

Fix a uniformly definable family J containing every canonical tensor generator as in Graded Eilenberg-Watts theorem with coherent shifts, and write CohFun(A,B)=CohFunJ(A,B) for its word-coded category. The functor Φ:GrBimod(B,A)→CohFun(A,B), Φ(M)=(TM,θM), Φ(f)=f⊗1, is an equivalence of k-linear categories, and for all M,M′ the map η↦ηA, read through the unit isomorphisms, is a k-linear bijection Nat⁡coh(TM,TM′)→Hom⁡B-A(M,M′) with inverse f↦f⊗1 (Graded Eilenberg-Watts theorem with coherent shifts).

[L2]

Coherent transformations satisfy the equivariance square θX,rTM′ηX{r}=(ηX{r})θX,rTM (Coherently shift-compatible functors and natural transformations), and the canonical comparisons θX,rM of the tensor functor are the identity on elementary tensors (Graded tensor functors are k-linear, right exact, coproduct preserving and shift-coherent).

[L3]

The components f⊗1X are degree-zero B-linear, define the coherent transformation f⊗1, and f↦f⊗1 preserves identities and composition (Graded tensor functors are k-linear, right exact, coproduct preserving and shift-coherent).

[L4]

A (B,A)-bimodule map is a function that is left B-linear and right A-linear with respect to commuting actions ((S,R)-bimodules and commuting left and right scalar actions, Unital left and right modules over a ring; unqualified module means left module).

[L5]

The tensor-unit maps λM:M⊗AA→M, m⊗a↦ma, are group isomorphisms with inverse m↦m⊗1, natural in M, and respect every displayed outer module structure; in the graded setting they are degree-zero (The regular module is a tensor unit: R⊗RN≅N and M⊗RR≅M).

[L6]

A natural transformation has components satisfying the naturality equation Gf∘αX=αY∘Ff, and a natural isomorphism is a natural transformation with a two-sided inverse (Natural transformation and its components, Natural isomorphism).

[L7]

The internal shift acts as the identity on underlying sets and sends a degree-zero map to the same underlying map, so the shift (ηA{d}) of the morphism ηA is the same function as ηA, and (X{r})e=Xe−r (Internal shifts are autoequivalences and commute with the graded tensor product).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1L1L3L5

In the specified word-coded category of [L1], TM and TM′ are represented by their canonical tensor generators. The equivalence Φ gives the displayed k-linear bijection η↦ηA onto Hom⁡B-A(M,M′) with inverse f↦f⊗1. Its morphisms code exactly the coherent transformations between these two tensor functors, so this proves the asserted fixed-pair bijection. The unit isomorphisms of [L5] are degree-zero (B,A)-bimodule isomorphisms, and the inverse is the one recorded in [L3].

2.1step 1.1L2L3L4L5L6L7

Direct direction check: for coherent η the component ηA is a morphism of GrMod⁡0(B), hence degree-zero B-linear [L6, L2]; writing f for the map corresponding to ηA through the unit isomorphism, one has f(m)⊗1A=ηA(m⊗1A). The equivariance square of [L2] at X=A with parameter d reads θA,dTM′∘ηA{d}=(ηA{d})∘θA,dTM; both θ's are the identity on elementary tensors [L2] and the shift of the morphism ηA is the same underlying map [L7], so ηA{d} and ηA are the same function. Naturality of η at the degree-zero map ra:A{d}→A, x↦xa, reads ηA∘(1⊗ra)=(1⊗ra)∘ηA{d}; evaluating at m⊗1A∈M⊗AA{d} and using ηA{d}(m⊗1A)=ηA(m⊗1A)=f(m)⊗1A together with ra(1A)=a gives ηA(m⊗a)=f(m)⊗a for homogeneous a∈Ad. Then f(ma)⊗1A=ηA(ma⊗1A)=ηA(m⊗a)=f(m)⊗a=f(m)a⊗1A, the middle equality using the balancing relation ma⊗1A=m⊗a and its analogue for f(m), so f(ma)=f(m)a because m′↦m′⊗1A is injective, being the inverse of the unit isomorphism [L5]; hence f is a degree-zero (B,A)-bimodule map [L4], and conversely every such f produces f⊗1 by [L3].

2.2step 1.1L1L2L4L5L6

For A=B=k concentrated in degree zero the unit isomorphism u:Tk⇒id has components the degree-zero isomorphisms k⊗kX→X, c⊗x↦cx [L5], and it is coherent for the canonical comparisons: θTk is the identity on elementary tensors [L2] while θX,rid=1X{r}, so θX,riduX{r}=(uX{r})θX,rTk; conjugating by the coherent isomorphism u gives a k-linear bijection between the coherent endomorphisms of id and those of Tk, and by step 1.1 the latter correspond bijectively to Hom⁡k-k(k,k)≅k, since a (k,k)-bimodule map k→k is multiplication by the scalar f(1); hence the coherent endomorphisms of the identity functor correspond bijectively to k via η↦ηk, and no family larger than the scalars satisfies the equivariance square.

3.1step 1.1step 2.1step 2.2L1L3∎

Collecting steps 1.1, 2.1 and 2.2: the map η↦ηA is a k-linear bijection onto the degree-zero (B,A)-bimodule maps with inverse f↦f⊗1, every coherent transformation is determined by its component at A, that component is automatically degree-zero, B-linear and right A-linear, and for A=B=k the coherent endomorphisms of the identity functor are exactly the scalars; no selection of elements or bases was made, so no choice is used.

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