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CorollaryStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-generatedprecheck passjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-08-30
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A meromorphic essential singularity omits at most two sphere values

Statement

Let f be meromorphic on a punctured disc 0<za<R with an essential singularity at a. Then at most two sphere values can be omitted on a punctured neighborhood of a; equivalently, with at most two sphere-value exceptions, every value occurs infinitely often in every punctured neighborhood of a.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A meromorphic function with an essential singularity on 0<za<R.

[L1]

Great Picard holds for holomorphic functions and finite values (Great Picard theorem).

[L2]

Möbius transformations act biholomorphically on the sphere and can move any ordered triple of sphere points to any other (Every Möbius transformation is a biholomorphism of the Riemann sphere, A unique Möbius transformation carries any ordered triple of distinct sphere points to any other).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1

Suppose three distinct sphere values each failed to occur infinitely often in some punctured neighborhood of a. After passing to a common smaller neighborhood and then shrinking past their finitely many preimages, all three values are omitted. By [L2], choose a Möbius transformation M sending them to 0, 1, and . Then g:=Mf is holomorphic on that smaller punctured disc and still has an essential singularity at a, because a biholomorphic target change cannot turn an essential singularity into a removable singularity or pole.

L2givenassume-contrachoose
2.1

The function g omits the finite values 0 and 1, so [L1] gives a contradiction. Thus at most two sphere values can fail the infinitely-often property, and every other sphere value occurs infinitely often in every punctured neighborhood.

L1step 1.1discharge-contradiction
3.1

This is the meromorphic Great Picard conclusion.

step 2.1

Depends on

Used by

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Sources