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Every Möbius transformation is a biholomorphism of the Riemann sphere
Statement
Every Möbius transformation is a biholomorphism of the Riemann sphere. Explicitly, if then is holomorphic in the sphere charts and its inverse is again a Möbius transformation.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A Möbius transformation with .
The Riemann sphere charts are the finite -chart and the -chart at (The standard holomorphic charts on the Riemann sphere, with holomorphy and poles at infinity).
Möbius transformations form a group and inverses are again Möbius (Möbius transformations form a group and identify with the projective linear quotient of GL_2(C)).
Proof
On every open set where , the finite-chart expression is a rational function with nonvanishing denominator, hence holomorphic; and if , then near the finite pole the target infinity-chart expression is , which is holomorphic because does not vanish at .
At , if then the source infinity-chart expression is , which is holomorphic at ; if , then and the target infinity-chart expression is , again holomorphic at . Thus is holomorphic at every sphere point.
By [L2], the inverse map is again Möbius, so the same two chart computations apply to as well. Therefore is a biholomorphism of the sphere.
Depends on
Used by
- A meromorphic essential singularity omits at most two sphere values Corollary
- A nonconstant meromorphic function on the plane omits at most two sphere values Corollary
- The genus of a compact Riemann surface determines its uniformization type Corollary
- Complex conjugation is a homeomorphism of the Riemann sphere that is not holomorphic Counterexample
- Uniqueness of Beltrami solutions fails without the three-point normalization Counterexample
- Conformal removability of compact sets Definition
- Quasicircles, quasidisks, quasiarcs, and quasilines Definition
- The modular group and its action on the upper half-plane Definition
- The welding homeomorphism of a Jordan curve Definition
- A single point is conformally removable Example
- Normalization of a solution by a Möbius postcomposition Example
- Power maps, endpoint distortion, and a non-Möbius quasisymmetric circle map Example
- The Cayley transform carries the upper half-plane biholomorphically onto the unit disc Example
- The Möbius ambiguity in conformal welding Example
- The upper half-plane Bergman kernel by biholomorphic transport Example
- FALSE: every Möbius self-map of the Riemann sphere restricts to an entire biholomorphism of the complex plane False statement
- A simply connected surface without a Green kernel is plane or sphere Lemma
- Analytic quasiconformality gives both quadrilateral modulus bounds Lemma
- Compact sets of positive area are not conformally removable Lemma
- Compact subsets of lines and round circles are removable for quasiconformal maps Lemma
- Conformal removability is invariant under quasiconformal maps Lemma
- Riemann maps of Jordan domains extend to homeomorphisms of the closures Lemma
- Smooth Beltrami coefficients admit quasiconformal solutions Lemma
- Three omitted values force exterior extension Lemma
- A unique Möbius transformation carries any ordered triple of distinct sphere points to any other Theorem
- Automorphisms of the upper half-plane are real Mobius maps Theorem
- Bounded turning, quasiconformal images of the circle, and quasiconformal reflections Theorem
- Every biholomorphic self-map of the Riemann sphere is Möbius Theorem
- Every quasisymmetric circle homeomorphism is a conformal welding Theorem
- Möbius transformations preserve circlines and conjugate their reflections Theorem
- The cross-ratio is invariant under Möbius transformations Theorem
- The local Second Main Theorem on a punctured disc Theorem
- The measurable Riemann mapping theorem on the sphere Theorem
- Zero-length compact sets and quasicircles are conformally removable Theorem
Dependency tree · two levels
8 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Lars V. Ahlfors, Complex Analysis, 3rd ed., Ch. 3 §§2.2-3.5 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Matthias Weber, Complex Analysis, Ch. 1 §§1.3-1.4 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Elias M. Stein and Rami Shakarchi, Complex Analysis, Ch. 8 §§1-2 (standard reference, not scraped)