Alphabeta Math
DefinitionDefinition: Literature-sourcedProof: Not applicablePipeline-generatedaudited 2026-09-22
How statement and proof provenance work

The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.

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  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
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Chern classes from the projective-bundle relation

Definition

Assume AC. Let EB be a numerable complex rank-n bundle with n1 over a path-connected CW complex B (or over one of the CW-type bases of Integral complex projective bundle theorem). By that theorem there are unique classes aiH2i(B;Z), 1in, such that xEna1xEn1+a2xEn2+(1)nan=0in H2n(P(E);Z), where xEH2(P(E);Z) is the Euler class of the underlying real bundle of the tautological line (Complex projective bundle and tautological complex line). The Chern classes of E are these coefficients: ci(E):=aiH2i(B;Z)(1in), completed by the conventions c0(E):=1H0(B;Z) and ci(E):=0 for i>n, and the total Chern class is the finite sum c(E):=i0ci(E)=1+c1(E)++cn(E)H(B;Z).

For the zero bundle of rank 0 the conventions give c(0B)=1. The definition depends only on the isomorphism class of E, because an isomorphism of bundles induces an isomorphism of projective bundles pulling x back to x and hence preserves the unique relation. For a complex line bundle LB one has P(L)B over B with γL corresponding to L under that identification, so the relation is xLc1(L)=0; since xL=e(LR) under the identification, this gives c1(L)=e(LR). This is the normalization used throughout the page: the first Chern class of a complex line is the Euler class of its underlying real bundle in the complex orientation, not a separately chosen normalization.

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