How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
Parameterized variational quantum objective
Definition
A finite variational quantum algorithm (VQA) specifies a parameter domain , a supplied parameterized finite circuit , finitely many prepared density operators , Hermitian observables , real-valued functions on the corresponding expectation ranges, and the objective The convention is root inner product linear in the first argument and Dirac expectation . State how each is prepared, the measurement/shot model and finite precision, the classical optimizer, its stopping rule, the output, and every circuit, inverse, controlled access, observable, measurement, arithmetic, and state-preparation cost. The definition asserts no optimizer existence, convergence, global optimality, or quantum advantage.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: Finite density operators, Hermitian observables, and supplied unitary circuits.
Density operator: and .
For and , : trace is cyclic for compatible finite matrices.
Trace of a product of Hermitian matrices is real: the trace of a product of Hermitian matrices is real.
Verification
For unitary , is nonnegative because its quadratic form on is that of on , and its trace is by [F1] and [F2]. Thus it is again a density operator.
Since and are Hermitian, [F3] makes their trace product real. Applying the real-valued and summing shows ; the specified preparation, measurement, and optimizer data are additional algorithm inputs and imply no convergence conclusion.
Depends on
- Density operator
- Finite-dimensional quantum channel
- Denotational semantics of a finite layered circuit
- The trace $\operatorname{tr}(A)$ as the sum of the diagonal entries
- Dirac Notation Conversion
- Finite POVMs and their outcome law
- Trace of a product of Hermitian matrices is real
- For $A\in M_{m\times n}(F)$ and $B\in M_{n\times m}(F)$, $\operatorname{tr}(AB)=\operatorname{tr}(BA)$
Used by
Dependency tree · two levels
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Sources
- https://arxiv.org/pdf/2012.09265v2 (standard reference, not scraped)