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DefinitionDefinition: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedprecheck passjudge pass (gpt-6-luna)
How statement and proof provenance work

The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.

  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
  • AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.

These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.

Parameterized variational quantum objective

Definition

A finite variational quantum algorithm (VQA) specifies a parameter domain Θ⊆Rp, a supplied parameterized finite circuit U(θ), finitely many prepared density operators ρk, Hermitian observables Ok, real-valued functions fk on the corresponding expectation ranges, and the objective C(θ)=∑k=1Nfk ⁣(tr⁡(OkU(θ)ρkU(θ)∗)). The convention is root inner product linear in the first argument and Dirac expectation ⟨ψ∣O∣ψ⟩D=tr⁡(Oρ). State how each ρk is prepared, the measurement/shot model and finite precision, the classical optimizer, its stopping rule, the output, and every circuit, inverse, controlled access, observable, measurement, arithmetic, and state-preparation cost. The definition asserts no optimizer existence, convergence, global optimality, or quantum advantage.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: Finite density operators, Hermitian observables, and supplied unitary circuits.

[F1]

Density operator: ρ⪰0 and tr⁡(ρ)=1.

[F3]

Trace of a product of Hermitian matrices is real: the trace of a product of Hermitian matrices is real.

Verification

technique · direct
1.1givenF1F2algebra

For unitary U, UρkU∗ is nonnegative because its quadratic form on x is that of ρk on U∗x, and its trace is tr⁡(UρkU∗)=tr⁡(ρkU∗U)=1 by [F1] and [F2]. Thus it is again a density operator.

2.1givenF3step 1.1algebra∎

Since Ok and UρkU∗ are Hermitian, [F3] makes their trace product real. Applying the real-valued fk and summing shows C(θ)∈R; the specified preparation, measurement, and optimizer data are additional algorithm inputs and imply no convergence conclusion.

Depends on

Used by

Dependency tree · two levels

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Sources