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DefinitionDefinition: Literature-sourcedProof: Not applicableSession-authored (Fable 5 assisted)judge pass (deepseek-v4-pro + gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-08-16
How statement and proof provenance work

The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.

  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
  • AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.

These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.

Self-adjoint complex function algebras, unitality, and point separation

Definition

Let X be a compact Hausdorff space (Open cover, subcover, and compact topological space; a compact subset is a subspace that is compact in its own right, Hausdorff space: distinct points have disjoint open neighbourhoods; every metrizable space is Hausdorff and the indiscrete topology on two points is not), and let C be the published complex field (The complex numbers as R[x]/(x2+1), with the real embedding and imaginary unit i, C=R[x]/(x2+1) is a field, every element is uniquely a+bi, and every nonzero element has inverse (abi)/(a2+b2)) with conjugation and modulus as in Real and imaginary parts, complex conjugation, and modulus and Conjugation is an involutive real-field automorphism, zz=z2, and modulus is definite, multiplicative, and subadditive. The space C(X,C) consists of the continuous maps from X to C (Continuity of a map of topological spaces at a point and globally), where C carries the metric dC(z,w)=zw of The Euclidean metric, convergence, Cauchy sequences, and continuity on the complex plane. That metric is a metric on C, not on C(X,C).

Uniform approximation on this page. For F,GC(X,C) and fC(X,C), f is uniformly approximable by members of F means that for every ε>0 there is gF with dC(f(x),g(x))<ε for every xX; the uniform closure of F is the set of members of C(X,C) uniformly approximable by members of F, and F is uniformly dense when that closure is all of C(X,C). This reading is stated in terms of dC alone and is therefore available for every X, the empty space included. For nonempty X it is exactly density for the topology of uniform convergence of Uniform convergence, and the topology of uniform convergence: the metric topology of the uniform metric on YX and on C(X,Y) applied to the metric dC, whose uniform metric ρˉ that item defines only on a nonempty domain.

A subset AC(X,C) is a complex function algebra when it is a complex vector subspace under the pointwise operations of The vector space FX of all functions XF with pointwise operations, and Fn as the case X=n={0,1,,n1} and is closed under the pointwise multiplication of The ring RX of all functions from a set X into a ring, with pointwise operations. It is self-adjoint when fAfA, where f(x):=f(x).

The algebra is unital when it contains every constant complex-valued function, point-separating when every distinct x,yX admit fA with f(x)f(y), and nowhere-vanishing when every xX admits fA with f(x)0.

Depends on

Used by

Dependency tree · next 3 levels

Direct dependencies and their dependencies through the next three levels: 156 results over 19 levels. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, and this result sits at the bottom with a heavier outline. Click the chart to enlarge it.

Sources