How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
Subgroup commutators and the lower central series
Definition
For subgroups , their subgroup commutator is where (Commutators and the commutator subgroup , The subgroup generated by a subset, the cyclic subgroup , and cyclic groups).
The lower central series is Each is characteristic in , and the series descends because whenever .
Depends on
Used by
- An extraspecial p-group is nilpotent of class exactly two and its derived subgroup has order p Corollary
- An extraspecial p-group is the product of two maximal abelian subgroups meeting in its centre Corollary
- Frobenius automizer criterion for p nilpotence Corollary
- Nilpotent groups, and in particular finite p-groups, are solvable Corollary
- Internal central products of a finite family of subgroups Definition
- The homogeneous dimension of a finitely generated nilpotent group Definition
- The dihedral group of order eight is nilpotent of class two Example
- The integral Heisenberg group is nilpotent of class two Example
- Central factors are equivalent to adjacent commutator containments Lemma
- Commutator identities in a group whose derived subgroup is central Lemma
- Commutator product identities in the fixed convention Lemma
- Distinct normal Sylow subgroups centralize one another Lemma
- Fusion control forces trivial Sylow intersection with the p residual Lemma
- Normal p subgroup has proper commutator in a p group Lemma
- A central extension of a class-c nilpotent group is nilpotent of class at most c+1 Theorem
- Internal central products are the images of external ones Theorem
- Nilpotence via central series, the upper central series, and the lower central series Theorem
- Subgroups, quotients, and finite direct products of nilpotent groups are nilpotent Theorem
Dependency tree · two levels
6 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- J. S. Milne, Group Theory, Chapter 6 (standard reference, not scraped)
- K. Conrad, Subgroup Series I (standard reference, not scraped)
- K. Igusa, Notes on Jordan-Hölder, section 5 (standard reference, not scraped)