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Wishart law by Gaussian outer products
Definition
Assume the Axiom of Choice. Let be integers and let be a real symmetric positive-semidefinite matrix, in the sense of Multivariate normal law, including singular covariance. Give , the space of real symmetric matrices, its Euclidean Borel sigma-algebra by identifying a matrix with its upper-triangular entries. The finite product measure exists because each factor is a probability measure and hence sigma-finite. Define the Wishart law as the pushforward of this product measure by the continuous map . Equivalently, it is the law of for independent .
Here is the scale matrix and the positive integer is the degrees of freedom. This definition allows a singular Wishart law when or is singular; no Lebesgue density is included in the convention. The usual nonsingular density when is not needed below.
Depends on
- The Axiom of Choice
- Multivariate normal law, including singular covariance
- Characteristic function of a multivariate normal law
- Probability measures and probability spaces
- Finite, sigma-finite, and semifinite measures
- For sigma-finite factors, the product measure exists, has the rectangle formula, is sigma-finite, and is unique
- The product sigma-algebra and its finite iterates
- Law or distribution of a random element
- Continuous functions on Euclidean spaces are Borel measurable
- AC supplies countable selections and prescribed serial paths
- The Axiom of Countable Choice ($\mathrm{AC}_\omega$)
Used by
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Sources
- Arak Mathai, Serge Provost, and Hans Haubold, Multivariate Statistical Analysis in the Real and Complex Domains, Chapter 5 §5.5, PDF pp. 47–66 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Soumendu Sundar Mukherjee, Multivariate Analysis 2021, Lecture 2, PDF pp. 2–3 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Soumendu Sundar Mukherjee, Multivariate Analysis 2021, Lecture 3, PDF pp. 1–3 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Peter D. Hoff, Multivariate Statistical Analysis, Duke STA 832 lecture notes, relevant sections in Chapters 4 and 7 (standard reference, not scraped)