How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
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A split affine extension of an abelian variety
Example
Assume the Axiom of Choice. Let be an abelian variety over , and let , where with multiplication of invertible coordinates. Coordinatewise multiplication gives a split extension The kernel is an affine smooth connected normal subgroup scheme, and represents the fppf quotient sheaf . If , then is nonaffine. This example works over an arbitrary field; it does not assume the perfect-field uniqueness theorem.
Verification
Given: AC, an abelian variety , and the product .
[F1] An abelian variety is a group variety. (Abelian varieties over a field)
[F2] Under AC a proper geometrically integral affine scheme is a point. In particular an abelian variety of positive dimension is nonaffine. (A proper geometrically integral affine scheme is a point)
[F3] Fibre products of schemes exist, and a closed subscheme of an affine scheme is affine. (Existence of all scheme fibre products, Closed immersions into affine schemes are quotient spectra)
[F4] Represented scheme functors are sheaves for the fppf topology. (Scheme morphisms satisfy fppf descent)
The group laws on and give the group laws on their product. The latter group's affine Hopf formulas are , , and , so the group laws are regular. The projection is a homomorphism, split by , and its scheme-theoretic kernel is . It is normal because conjugation in the product preserves this factor. It is affine by its displayed spectrum, smooth because it is an open subscheme of the affine line, and geometrically connected because is a domain for every field extension .
For every -scheme , is onto, and two elements have the same image exactly when they differ by the action of a unique element. Thus the presheaf quotient is already the represented functor , naturally in ; by [F4], its fppf sheafification is the same represented functor. This proves the asserted scheme quotient.
The section is closed since is defined by . If were affine, [F3] would make that copy of affine. For this contradicts [F2]. Hence is a nonaffine algebraic group in that case. AC is carried through [F2].
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Dependency tree · two levels
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Sources
- Milne, Algebraic Groups (2022), Chapter 8 split affine-abelian extension framework (standard reference, not scraped)
- Brion, Some structure theorems for algebraic groups, Section 5.4 (standard reference, not scraped)