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ExampleConstruction: Literature-sourcedVerification: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-6.1-sol)
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  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
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A split affine extension of an abelian variety

Example

Assume the Axiom of Choice. Let A be an abelian variety over k, and let G=A×kGm, where Gm=Spec⁡k[t,t−1] with multiplication of invertible coordinates. Coordinatewise multiplication gives a split extension 1⟶Gm⟶G→qA⟶1. The kernel is an affine smooth connected normal subgroup scheme, and A represents the fppf quotient sheaf G/Gm. If dim⁡A>0, then G is nonaffine. This example works over an arbitrary field; it does not assume the perfect-field uniqueness theorem.

Verification

Given: AC, an abelian variety A/k, and the product G=A×kGm.

[F1] An abelian variety is a group variety. (Abelian varieties over a field)

[F2] Under AC a proper geometrically integral affine scheme is a point. In particular an abelian variety of positive dimension is nonaffine. (A proper geometrically integral affine scheme is a point)

[F3] Fibre products of schemes exist, and a closed subscheme of an affine scheme is affine. (Existence of all scheme fibre products, Closed immersions into affine schemes are quotient spectra)

[F4] Represented scheme functors are sheaves for the fppf topology. (Scheme morphisms satisfy fppf descent)

1.1F1F3givenalgebra

The group laws on A and Gm give the group laws on their product. The latter group's affine Hopf formulas are t↦t⊗t, t↦t−1, and t↦1, so the group laws are regular. The projection q(a,t)=a is a homomorphism, split by a↦(a,1), and its scheme-theoretic kernel is {eA}×Gm. It is normal because conjugation in the product preserves this factor. It is affine by its displayed spectrum, smooth because it is an open subscheme of the affine line, and geometrically connected because K[t,t−1] is a domain for every field extension K/k.

2.1F4step 1.1construct

For every k-scheme T, q:G(T)=A(T)×Γ(T,OT)×→A(T) is onto, and two elements have the same image exactly when they differ by the action of a unique Gm(T) element. Thus the presheaf quotient is already the represented functor A(−), naturally in T; by [F4], its fppf sheafification is the same represented functor. This proves the asserted scheme quotient.

3.1F2F3step 1.1step 2.1∎

The section A×{1}⊂G is closed since {1}⊂Spec⁡k[t,t−1] is defined by t−1. If G were affine, [F3] would make that copy of A affine. For dim⁡A>0 this contradicts [F2]. Hence G is a nonaffine algebraic group in that case. AC is carried through [F2].

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