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A minus sign when rotating two odd cochain factors
Example
Assume the Axiom of Choice (AC). Take and let and each be the one-dimensional -bimodule placed in cochain degree only, with zero differential and internal degree ; as complexes they are concentrated in a single cochain degree, so both are bounded with finite projective (indeed free) terms over the opposite algebra. Then:
- The signed tensor totalizations are concentrated in cochain degree : and , and the differential is zero because both input differentials vanish.
- On the bar-degree-zero summand the cyclic rotation of the derived-cyclicity theorem sends the class of to with and and hence to : a nontrivial minus sign over , not a sign that can be absorbed by a change of basis.
- The termwise cyclicity map of the bounded-complex theorem gives the same sign: on the unique coefficient summand it is .
- Applying the rotation twice gives the identity, . The coefficient differentials vanish; chain compatibility in higher bar degrees is supplied by the general derived-cyclicity theorem.
- The only nonvanishing Hochschild degree is , and the only nonvanishing hyperhomology of the tensor product is in total cochain degree : the two tensor factors contribute degree , and the Hochschild complex of the ground field has no higher homology.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: AC, the field , the algebras , and the complexes concentrated in cochain degree with zero differential and internal degree .
Assume AC. For a bounded complex of graded -bimodules termwise finite projective as right -modules and a bounded complex of graded -bimodules termwise finite projective as right -modules, the ordinary signed tensor totalizations compute and , and the cyclic rotation realizes a natural internal-degree-preserving isomorphism ; the rotation of a block carries the Koszul sign , where are the bar degrees and the cochain degrees of the two blocks (Derived cyclicity of Hochschild hyperhomology).
Assume AC and the same termwise finite right-projectivity hypotheses. For every Hochschild degree and cochain degree the termwise cyclicity isomorphism is induced on the -summand by the double-bar rotation multiplied by ; the twisted map is a cochain isomorphism before cohomology (Termwise Hochschild cyclicity for bounded projective bimodule complexes).
The signed tensor totalization of bounded complexes has with differential ; the internal grading is additive and no additional sign is introduced by the internal degree (Bounded graded bimodule complexes and signed tensor totalization).
The Hochschild chain complex of a -central bimodule has with boundary the alternating sum of the faces, and of this complex; for the faces all act as the identity on the one-dimensional coefficient, so the boundary is multiplication by , which is for odd and for even , and hence and for (Hochschild chains and Hochschild homology with coefficients, The regular module is a tensor unit: and ).
The hyperhomology complex of a bounded coefficient complex is with ; every total degree is a finite direct sum and the hyperhomology is its cohomology (Hochschild hyperhomology of a bounded bimodule complex).
The Hochschild chains of the ground field satisfy with all faces the identity, so the identification of the bar and Hochschild complexes at is the identity on the coefficient (Hochschild chains are bar tensor chains).
Proof
The complexes and are each concentrated in cochain degree with zero differential, so each is bounded with terms that are free of rank one over ; the only nonzero summand of is at , where it is by [F3], and the differential is zero because both input differentials vanish. Similarly with zero differential. The terms are finite projective over the opposite algebra , so the hypotheses of [F1] and [F2] hold.
In the notation of [F1] the first block is in bar degree and cochain degree , and the second block is in bar degree and cochain degree . The rotation formula of [F1] therefore reads on the unique summand; the termwise map of [F2] reads on the same summand, so the two formulations of the sign agree. Applying the rotation twice multiplies , so the square of the rotation is the identity here.
The coefficient differentials vanish. The sign is evaluated on the degree-zero Hochschild class, which is a cycle because . This does not make the chain-level compatibility checks in higher bar degrees vacuous; those are part of [F1], and this example uses only the induced map on . The only surviving Hochschild degree is : by [F4] (equivalently [F6]) the Hochschild complex of the ground field has and for , because the alternating boundary is for odd and an isomorphism for even . Total degrees are computed by : with and the tensor factor concentrated in cochain degree , the only nonzero hyperhomology is in total cochain degree .
Collecting: the derived cyclicity isomorphism and the termwise cyclicity isomorphism both carry the class of the unique summand by the factor , so the rotation is a nontrivial automorphism of the one-dimensional vector space in total degree , not merely a sign that could be removed by choosing a different basis; and applying it twice is the identity. This verifies the sign instance of the cyclic comparison and exhibits the necessity of the Koszul sign in the convention ; it does not reprove the general comparison theorem.
Depends on
- Derived cyclicity of Hochschild hyperhomology
- Termwise Hochschild cyclicity for bounded projective bimodule complexes
- Bounded graded bimodule complexes and signed tensor totalization
- The Axiom of Choice
- Hochschild chains and Hochschild homology with coefficients
- Hochschild hyperhomology of a bounded bimodule complex
- The regular module is a tensor unit: $R\otimes_RN\cong N$ and $M\otimes_RR\cong M$
- Hochschild chains are bar tensor chains
Used by
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Sources
- Beliakova–Putyra–Wehrli, Quantum Link Homology via Trace Functor I, §3.8.4, printed pp.37–39 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Charles A. Weibel, An Introduction to Homological Algebra, Chapter 9, §9.1, printed pp.300–304 (standard reference, not scraped)