How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
Neumann constants and the Dirichlet boundary cost
Example
Assume Countable Choice. On every bounded Lipschitz domain (a bounded open set with a finite Lipschitz graph cover of its boundary, with the domain on one side of each graph), a constant function has . On the unit disk , if then .
Example references
Facts & Assumptions
Given: Countable Choice, a bounded Lipschitz domain , a real constant , and the unit disk .
Countable Choice is used for Lebesgue Fubini and the Riemann-to-Lebesgue integral comparison. (The Axiom of Countable Choice ())
Neumann variation is the mass of the derivative inside the open domain; Dirichlet variation is the total variation of the zero extension. (Full-space, Dirichlet, and Neumann TV conventions)
The unit disk indicator belongs to BV and has total variation . (A smooth-curve jump has perimeter total variation)
Distributional derivative acts by the negative-transpose test formula. (Spatial BV and distributional total variation)
Lebesgue measure on is finite on bounded sets under Countable Choice. (Lebesgue measure is a Radon measure on R^n)
Fubini identifies integrals of integrable functions on Euclidean product spaces with iterated integrals. (Fubini's theorem for L^1 functions on a sigma-finite product)
Bounded Riemann-integrable functions on compact intervals have the same Lebesgue integral under Countable Choice. (A bounded Riemann integrable function on a closed bounded interval is Lebesgue measurable and has the same integral)
A continuous derivative is Riemann integrable and its interval integral is the endpoint difference. (A continuous function on is Riemann integrable, by Heine-Cantor and Riemann's criterion, The second fundamental theorem: if is differentiable on with and is integrable, then )
Verification
Given: Countable Choice, the constant , and the conventions in [F1].
For every , extend by zero to a smooth compactly supported function on . It and each derivative are integrable by [F4]. Fubini [F5] reduces to one-dimensional integrals along coordinate lines; on each line the derivative is continuous with compact support, so [F6] identifies its Lebesgue integral with its Riemann integral and [F7] makes that integral zero. Thus for every coordinate, so and by [F1].
On the disk, the zero extension of is . Its distributional derivative is , so homogeneity of the partition variation and [F2] give .
Depends on
- The Axiom of Countable Choice ($\mathrm{AC}_\omega$)
- Full-space, Dirichlet, and Neumann TV conventions
- Spatial BV and distributional total variation
- A smooth-curve jump has perimeter total variation
- A bounded Riemann integrable function on a closed bounded interval is Lebesgue measurable and has the same integral
- A continuous function on $[a,b]$ is Riemann integrable, by Heine-Cantor and Riemann's criterion
- Fubini's theorem for L^1 functions on a sigma-finite product
- The second fundamental theorem: if $G$ is differentiable on $[a,b]$ with $G' = f$ and $f$ is integrable, then $\int_a^b f = G(b)-G(a)$
- Lebesgue measure is a Radon measure on R^n
Used by
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