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Conway coefficients and the degree-two Kontsevich symbol

Example

Assume a Conway skein function ∇ on oriented links exists with ∇U=1 and ∇L+−∇L−=z∇L0. For a knot K, put a2(K)=[z2]∇K(z). The unframed degree-one chord-diagram module is zero. The degree-two symbol of a2 is the weight system w2 that assigns 1 to the intersecting two-chord diagram and 0 to the diagram with two nonintersecting chords. In particular, a2(U)=0 for the unknot and a2(T)=1 for the positive trefoil T that is the closure of the two-strand braid σ13. Let w~2:A2un⊗QC→C be the complex-linear extension of w2. Under countable choice, the degree-two truncation of the normalized Kontsevich series recovers this example up to its unique degree-zero normalization: for every knot type K,

a2(K)=w~2(I2(K))−w~2(I2(U)).

Here I2(K) is the degree-two coefficient of I(K), and I0(K)=1 is its degree-zero coefficient. This calculation is conditional on the existence supplier for ∇ and asserts no rationality for the coefficients of I(K).

The two degree-two chord patterns are shown below. Endpoints alternate in the first diagram and not in the second; the diagram only labels the two cases used in the algebraic check.

D£Dk

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A Conway skein function ∇, the unframed chord-diagram module, the positive Artin crossing convention, and countable choice for knot-isotopy invariance of I.

[F1]

The Conway polynomial: ∇U=1 and ∇L+−∇L−=z∇L0 for every oriented skein triple.

[F2]

The second Conway coefficient is a degree-two finite-type invariant: a2 has type at most two, its degree-two symbol is w2(D×)=1, w2(D∥)=0, and a2(U)=0, a2(T)=1 for the specified positive trefoil.

[F3]

Framed chord diagrams and four-term relations: degree-one diagrams are killed by 1T; at degree two the only circle diagrams are the intersecting and nonintersecting patterns shown.

[F4]

Universality of the Kontsevich integral: under countable choice, every type-at-most-two invariant has a complex-linear functional on the sum of unframed chord modules through degree two that recovers it; the degree-two part of this functional is its degree-two symbol.

[F5]

The Kontsevich integral on parenthesized braids: I0(K)=1 for every knot, since both Z(K) and Z(H) have degree-zero coefficient 1.

[F6]

Discharged existence input. The Conway polynomial now supplies the actual unique Z[z]-valued oriented ambient-link invariant by its explicitly external Lickorish Seifert-determinant and skein theorem (Chapter 8, Theorems 8.5–8.6, printed pp. 82–83) and CDM ambient-link/skein interpretation, followed by the finite polynomial/uniqueness argument. Thus the Conway function in the Given is an actual available object, not an unresolved well-definedness premise. The finite coefficient/chord/trefoil arguments below are retained unchanged; no general rationality assertion for the Kontsevich coefficients is used.

Verification

Given: As above.

1.1F2F3givenalgebra

The unique degree-one circle diagram has an isolated chord, so [F3] sets it to zero. In degree two, the two chord pairings are exactly D× and D∥: their four endpoints either alternate or do not. By [F2], w2 evaluates them as 1 and 0, so it is a nonzero functional on the unframed quotient.

1.2F1F2givenalgebra

The unknot normalization gives a2(U)=0. For the positive Hopf link H2=σ12^, switching one crossing cancels an adjacent positive and negative half twist and gives the two-component unlink; smoothing gives σ1^=U. A local type-I curl on one component of the two-component unlink has both crossing signs isotopic to that unlink and smoothing equal to the three-component unlink. The skein relation therefore gives z∇U3=0. Multiplication by the indeterminate z is injective in Z[z], because a polynomial f=∑ajzj with zf=0 has every coefficient aj=0; hence ∇U3=0. Applying the same curl argument to the unknot gives ∇U2=0. Thus ∇H2=z. For T=σ13^, switching one crossing cancels an adjacent inverse pair and gives U, while smoothing gives H2. Hence ∇T−1=z∇H2=z2, so a2(T)=1.

2.1F2F3F4F5step 1.1step 1.2algebra∎

Let W be the functional supplied by [F4] for a2. Its degree-two restriction is w~2 by [F2] and complex linearity; the only lower-degree summand is degree zero because [F3] makes degree one zero. Since a2(U)=0 and I0(U)=1 by [F5], the value of W on the degree-zero unit is −w~2(I2(U)). Therefore W(I≤2(K))=w~2(I2(K))−w~2(I2(U)), which equals a2(K) by [F4]. This verifies the displayed universal-series recovery for every knot type.

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