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LemmaStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedaudited 2026-09-10
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Boone commutator extracts an auxiliary history

Statement

Assume AC. For a special word Σ, if W(Σ)=1 in B, then there are freely reduced auxiliary words L,R on x,ri with LΣR=q in the embedded rule group G2.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: Σ∈G0≤G2 with W(Σ)=1.

[F1]

G3 is the t-HNN extension centralizing C=⟨x,ri⟩; B is the k-HNN extension centralizing D=⟨C,q−1tq⟩, with all bases embedded. (Boone hnn tower and auxiliary subgroups)

[F2]

A reduced HNN word with a stable letter is nonidentity; an identity word with stable letters therefore has a pinch. (Britton's lemma)

[A1]

Assume AC for the HNN transversals. (The Axiom of Choice)

Proof

1.1F1F2A1given

Set g=Σ−1tΣ∈G3. It has one t, hence is nonidentity by [F2]. In the identity word kgk−1g−1 the only two k letters must form a pinch. For the identity edge map of D this says precisely g∈D, with membership in the embedded base G3.

2.1F1F2step 1.1choose

Write g−1=R0(q−1te1q)R1⋯(q−1tenq)Rn, where Rj∈C are auxiliary words and ej∈{1,−1}, and choose the least possible n. Such finite expressions exist by g∈D and the definition of generated subgroup. If n=0, the equality Σ−1tΣR0=1 has exactly one t and violates [F2]. Thus n≥1.

3.1F1F2step 2.1algebra

Apply [F2] to the displayed word for gg−1 in G3. If a pinch uses its first t, it pairs that t with te1, so e1=−1 and ΣR0q−1=P∈C in G2. Multiplying gives P−1ΣR0=q. This is the desired auxiliary equation.

3.2F1step 2.1algebra

Any other pinch pairs consecutive tej,tej+1 with ej+1=−ej and qRjq−1∈C. Since t commutes with C, for either sign ej the corresponding subexpression satisfies (q−1tejq)Rj(q−1t−ejq)=q−1(qRjq−1)q=Rj. Replacing it combines the neighboring auxiliary factors and gives an expression for g−1 with n−2 such occurrences, contrary to minimality. Thus this kind of pinch cannot occur.

4.1F1step 3.1step 3.2∎

A pinch exists, so step 3.1 must apply. Freely reducing P−1 and R0 changes neither represented element nor alphabet, and yields the claimed L,R. All coefficient equalities were obtained in G2, by the embedded-base clause in [F1]. Least finite length and finite free reduction need no additional choice.

Source locator

Rotman, printed pp.440–441, Lemma 12.13, including both signs of the later t-pinch.

Depends on

Used by

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Sources