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LemmaStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedaudited 2026-09-10
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Boone commutator extracts an auxiliary history

Statement

Assume AC. For a special word Σ, if W(Σ)=1 in B, then there are freely reduced auxiliary words L,R on x,ri with LΣR=q in the embedded rule group G2.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: ΣG0G2 with W(Σ)=1.

[F1]

G3 is the t-HNN extension centralizing C=x,ri; B is the k-HNN extension centralizing D=C,q1tq, with all bases embedded. (Boone hnn tower and auxiliary subgroups)

[F2]

A reduced HNN word with a stable letter is nonidentity; an identity word with stable letters therefore has a pinch. (Britton's lemma)

[A1]

Assume AC for the HNN transversals. (The Axiom of Choice)

Proof

1.1

Set g=Σ1tΣG3. It has one t, hence is nonidentity by [F2]. In the identity word kgk1g1 the only two k letters must form a pinch. For the identity edge map of D this says precisely gD, with membership in the embedded base G3.

F1F2A1given
2.1

Write g1=R0(q1te1q)R1(q1tenq)Rn, where RjC are auxiliary words and ej{1,1}, and choose the least possible n. Such finite expressions exist by gD and the definition of generated subgroup. If n=0, the equality Σ1tΣR0=1 has exactly one t and violates [F2]. Thus n1.

F1F2step 1.1choose
3.1

Apply [F2] to the displayed word for gg1 in G3. If a pinch uses its first t, it pairs that t with te1, so e1=1 and ΣR0q1=PC in G2. Multiplying gives P1ΣR0=q. This is the desired auxiliary equation.

F1F2step 2.1algebra
3.2

Any other pinch pairs consecutive tej,tej+1 with ej+1=ej and qRjq1C. Since t commutes with C, for either sign ej the corresponding subexpression satisfies (q1tejq)Rj(q1tejq)=q1(qRjq1)q=Rj. Replacing it combines the neighboring auxiliary factors and gives an expression for g1 with n2 such occurrences, contrary to minimality. Thus this kind of pinch cannot occur.

F1step 2.1algebra
4.1

A pinch exists, so step 3.1 must apply. Freely reducing P1 and R0 changes neither represented element nor alphabet, and yields the claimed L,R. All coefficient equalities were obtained in G2, by the embedded-base clause in [F1]. Least finite length and finite free reduction need no additional choice.

F1step 3.1step 3.2

Source locator

Rotman, printed pp.440–441, Lemma 12.13, including both signs of the later t-pinch.

Depends on

Used by

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Sources