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Crystal lattice polarizations are perfect at q=0

Statement

For the highest-module and negative-half Kashiwara lattices, their respective normalized polarizations take values in A0 and their crystal residue bases are orthonormal. On every finite label or root component the Gram determinant is a unit of A0, the A0-pairing is perfect and L∨=L. Moreover L={x:⟨x,x⟩∈A0} inside the field scalar extension of the lattice. These are consequences after the grand loop, not prerequisites for it. Only the field-half supplier's inherited AC hypothesis is retained.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A dominant integral weight λ, the lattices L(λ) and L(∞) with their residue bases from the grand loop, and the normalized module σ-contravariant form of Cartan projection constructs the Verma contravariant form and identifies its radical and the normalized ei′-adjoint half form of The negative-half bilinear form is symmetric, nondegenerate and integral.

[F1]

Grand loop: the pairs (L(λ),B(λ)) and (L(∞),B(∞)) are crystal bases with the partial-inverse and projection clauses C, J, L, N, O and the module/lattice pairing properties; the module pairing is A0-valued and satisfies ⟨f~iu,v⟩≡⟨u,e~iv⟩ mod q on the module lattices (The grand loop: existence of the highest weight crystal bases).

[F2]

The forms: the module form on each finite-dimensional weight space is nondegenerate, the half form is symmetric nondegenerate and A-valued on the word lattice, with the exact Aloc denominator bound on the divided lattice. Step 8.1 of The grand loop: existence of the highest weight crystal bases derives the large-weight comparison of the half and module pairings has constant term Cν=∏i(1−qi2)−ni∈1+qA0 for ν=∑iniαi; the operator Qi of the source's Lemma 7.25 is the identity because aii=2 (The negative-half bilinear form is symmetric, nondegenerate and integral, Cartan projection constructs the Verma contravariant form and identifies its radical).

[F3]

Finite linear algebra over A0: a matrix congruent to the identity modulo q has determinant a unit of A0 and is invertible; over the field the same matrix is invertible, and the inverse pairing matrix identifies the dual lattice with the lattice (Crystal lattices, crystal bases and their crystals, The Axiom of Choice).

Proof

technique · direct. Residue orthonormality is an induction on root height using the grand-loop partial inverses; perfection and self-duality follow from a Gram matrix congruent to the identity; the norm criterion follows from positivity of the rational residue form
1.1F1F2given

Residue orthonormality. Induct on ht⁡(α). For residues b,b′∈B(λ)λ−α choose i with e~ib≠0; then b=f~ie~ib by clause C(r) and J(r), so the adjunction of [F1] gives ⟨b,b′⟩0=⟨e~ib,e~ib′⟩0. If e~ib′=0 this is 0; otherwise e~ib′ lies at lower height and, by the lower-height orthonormality and the injectivity of e~i on the surviving string positions, the pairing is δb,b′. The top vector has norm 1, and since all aii=2 the operator Qi of [F2] is the identity, so no norm larger than 1 occurs.

2.1F3step 1.1

Perfection and self-duality. By step 1.1 the Gram matrix of the finite component in the residue basis is congruent to the identity modulo q; by [F3] its determinant is a unit of A0 and the matrix is invertible, so the pairing on the finite component is perfect and the dual lattice with respect to the field form equals the lattice itself: L∨=L.

3.1F2F3step 2.1

The negative half. For Uq− use the corrected degree/colour comparison of [F2] with a sufficiently large regularised dominant weight: πλ is a lattice isomorphism on the component and a bijection on its crystal residue sets, and Cν≡1 mod q; hence the Gram residue of the half lattice is the identity as well, and the same finite-matrix argument gives A0-valuedness, perfection and L(∞)∨=L(∞) on each finite component.

4.1F3step 1.1step 3.1

The norm criterion. Suppose ⟨x,x⟩∈A0 but x has a pole in the lattice. Choose the minimal N>0 with qNx∈L and let xˉ≠0 be its residue. In the orthonormal residue basis of step 1.1, ⟨xˉ,xˉ⟩ is a sum of squares of rational coordinates, hence a positive rational; on the other hand q2N⟨x,x⟩∈qA0 has residue 0, a contradiction. Therefore L={x:⟨x,x⟩∈A0} inside the field scalar extension.

5.1F2F3∎

Choice. The only choice used is the inherited hypothesis of the negative-half field form, already declared in [F2]; the finite Gram computations and the norm criterion use no further choice.

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