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Self-dual indecomposable KLR projectives give the lower global basis (symmetric type)

Statement

Assume the Cartan datum of The quiver Hecke (KLR) algebra of a symmetrizable Cartan datum has symmetric Cartan matrix aij=aji and uses the quiver normalization di=1 for every i, the field k has characteristic 0, and the KLR parameters are the quiver-geometric ones (the specialization attached to a finite quiver without loops, with arbitrary arrow multiplicities hij and aij=−(hij+hji): Qij(u,v)=(−1)hij(u−v)hij+hji for i≠j, in the fixed native crossing-sign convention; arbitrary parameter changes, including a global replacement by u+v, require their own proved gauge equivalence). Then, normalizing each indecomposable finitely generated graded projective R(β)-module to be self-dual for the contravariant graded projective duality P#=HOM⁡R(β)(P,R(β))ψ (P≅P# after the unique normalizing shift), the map b↦[Pb] is a bijection between the lower global basis B(∞) of the negative half (The lower global basis of Uq− and of a highest weight module, Bar invariance, congruence and uniqueness of the lower global basis) and the shift-orbit basis of K0(R) by self-dual indecomposable projectives; under the isomorphism γ of The KLR category categorifies the negative quantum half one has γ(G(b))=[Pb] for the lower global lift G(b), and the identification is compatible with the based quotient of The based quotient: projection of the lower global basis to a highest weight module. No extension to arbitrary KLR parameters or to non-symmetric Cartan data is asserted here; any such extension requires its own parameter-change invariance theorem.

Facts & Assumptions

Choice. Assume the inherited Axiom of Choice of the geometric and quantum suppliers; the finite presented-algebra comparison and finite graded Yoneda argument below introduce no additional choice.

[F1]

Categorical input (The KLR category categorifies the negative quantum half, The KLR Cartan (graded Hom) pairing on the projective Grothendieck group): γ:Af→K0(R) is an isomorphism of A-algebras and twisted bialgebras intertwining the forms, and every indecomposable finite graded projective shift orbit has a unique normalized self-dual representative by Self-dual KLR projectives have positive first-block divided-string leading terms, with the pairing of The KLR Cartan (graded Hom) pairing on the projective Grothendieck group.

[F2]

Positive first-string supplier (Self-dual KLR projectives have positive first-block divided-string leading terms): normalized self-dual projective covers satisfy the coefficient-1 FIRST-block expansion, the integral LEFT divided-string ideal equality, and the positive FIRST/LEFT global comparison; its inherited Axiom of Choice (The Axiom of Choice) is carried here.

[F3]

Actual geometric realization (Quiver full-flag incidence varieties and signed geometric KLR generators, Signed KLR algebra is the equivariant Ext algebra of quiver-flag complexes, Quiver-flag convolution generators satisfy the signed KLR relations, Relative-position incidence strata give a faithful geometric PBW basis): the intrinsic presentation has the full distinct-color adjacent dot slides, native equal-color mixed and braid signs, and a faithful action generated by the native polynomial operators on summands with unit degree −dν; the Ext product is a∗b=b[n]∘a for a of degree n, with source-first corner eηReν=Ext⁡G(Lη,Lν).

[F4]

Actual semisimplicity (Full quiver-flag pushforwards are semisimple in characteristic zero): for every finite loopless quiver with arbitrary finite arrow multiplicities and every characteristic-zero field, Lν=Rπν!k[dν] and their finite sum are finite direct sums of shifts of simple objects in the actual equivariant perverse heart of Middle perverse t structure glues and has simple intersection complexes. That bounded heart gives Hom⁡(T,T[n])=0 for n<0 and division End⁡(T) for simple T.

[F5]

Projective covers (Graded Krull-Schmidt and shift-orbit bases for finitely generated KLR modules, Maximal KLR tails give a unique induction head and absolute simple modules): graded indecomposable finite projectives are projective covers of finite-dimensional graded simples, and those simples are absolutely simple over k.

[F6]

Actual splitting (Cartesian simplicial sheaves model actual equivariant derived Hom): the bounded equivariant constructible category is triangulated and idempotent complete.

Proof

technique · direct; build the geometric realization, run the graded-Yoneda argument, then globalize and fix the signs with the positive first-string supplier
1.1givenF3algebra

(The graded algebra comparison.) Set Pij(u,v)=(v−u)hij for i≠j. These are nonzero, including when hij=0, and Pij(u,v)Pji(v,u)=(−1)hij(u−v)hij+hji=Qij(u,v). Thus Faithful polynomial representation of a KLR algebra gives a faithful action of R(β;Q) by projections, dots and unequal crossings (xr−xr+1)hijsr, with equal crossings (1−sr)/(xr−xr+1). The actual geometric action of [F3] uses exactly those operators. In both actions give the unit of the ν polynomial summand degree −dν: the incidence formula dν=∑iβi(βi−1)/2+∑a>bhνaνb gives dsrν−dν=hij−hji, so the unequal crossing has degree 2hij+dν−dsrν=hij+hji; equal crossings have degree −2 and dots degree 2. Both faithful images are therefore the identical graded subalgebra generated by these operators, yielding R(β;Q)≅SΓ(β)≅Ext⁡G∙(L,L) for L=⨁νLν. This is also the direct comparison of the identical specialized presentations: all adjacent unequal dot slides and the native mixed and braid signs are present in [F3]. The equal geometric crossing is minus its standard complex Borel–Moore class, so no sign change is implicit.

2.1F4step 1.1

(The actual normalized complex.) By [F4], the same L=⨁νRπν!k[dν] of step 1.1 is a finite direct sum of shifts of simple actual equivariant perverse objects. The normalization [dν] has already been included in Lν; no further shift of L is made. This uses the proved semisimplicity clause in the complete loopless multiedge scope, with no semismallness or finite-ADE restriction.

2.2F3F6step 1.1algebra

(Graded Yoneda.) Use the shifted opposite-composition product of [F3] and define YT=Ext⁡G∙(L,T) as a graded left R-module: for homogeneous a:L→L[n] and y:L→T[m], set a⋅y=y[n]∘a, so (a∗b)⋅y=a⋅(b⋅y). On T=L this is the regular left module. A homogeneous map f:T→U[t] acts by postcomposition y↦f[m]∘y of degree t. For T=U=L every graded R-linear map R→R is right multiplication by its value at 1, hence is induced uniquely by the corresponding f; extend this identification to finite sums and shifts and then to idempotent summands. Since the actual category is idempotent complete and all finite graded projectives are summands of finite sums of shifts of R, this gives a fully faithful equivalence from the additive category generated by shifts of L onto finite graded projectives, with End⁡R∙(YT)≅Ext⁡G∙(T,T) using ordinary categorical composition on both endomorphism rings.

3.1F4F5step 2.1step 2.2algebra

(Indecomposables and scalar degree zero.) Each simple perverse summand T in step 2.1 belongs to that additive category up to shift. By [F4] and step 2.2 its projective YT has no negative-degree endomorphisms and its degree-zero endomorphism ring is a division algebra, hence it is graded indecomposable. These exhaust the indecomposable projective shift orbits: every projective is a summand of a finite sum of the YT and their shifts, and [F5] gives the finite graded Krull–Schmidt decomposition. Distinct simple perverse objects yield distinct orbits, since full faithfulness would otherwise give T≅U[t], and perverse concentration forces t=0. Finally the simple head S of YT has End⁡R0(S)=k by [F5]. Every degree-zero endomorphism preserves the unique maximal graded submodule, so descent to the head is a unital k-algebra homomorphism End⁡R0(YT)→k; its kernel is zero because its source is a division algebra, and its image contains all scalars, so End⁡R0(YT)=k.

4.1step 3.1F1F2algebra

(Self-dual normalization, norm one and signed globalization.) By [F1] every indecomposable projective shift orbit has a unique # self-dual representative Pb; put xb=γ−1[Pb], which is integral and bar fixed. The exact Hom/tensor comparison for a self-dual P gives BL(xb,xb)=h(Pb,Pb), a nonnegative integer power series in q congruent to 1 modulo q, since the geometric nonnegative-End property is unchanged by grading shifts. Dividing by Cβ (which is 1 modulo q) gives a value BK(xb,xb) congruent to 1 modulo q with integer coefficients, so the general half norm criterion places xb in the q0 crystal lattice; being bar fixed, it also lies in the actual bar chart, and the integral balanced globalization writes xb as a finite Z-linear combination of lower global vectors. Their residue Gram matrix is the identity, so norm residue 1 forces the sum of coefficient squares to be 1: xb is exactly plus or minus one lower global vector. Distinct projective shift orbits are independent and have the same finite weight cardinality as the global basis by the integral K0 isomorphism, so they exhaust this signed set.

5.1step 4.1F2algebra∎

(Positivity and the based quotient.) The positive divided-string leading-term supplier [F2] removes every minus sign using its integral LEFT-string ideal equality, its coefficient-1 projective adjunction expansion, and the general adapted LEFT global recursion (carried with its inherited Axiom of Choice, The Axiom of Choice); batch 8's finite-ADE canonical-comparison item is not used. Consequently the sign in step 4.1 is +1, giving γ(G(b))=[Pb] for every lower global vector G(b) and establishing the bijection of the statement. The compatibility with the based quotient is the general zero/survival projection theorem of the QG-5 machinery.

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